Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

274 CHIRURGIA. CHIRURGIA.
entirely to surgery, and has inserted in them scription of the instruments, and their supposed
much useful matter, the fruits chiefly of his own uses, from which the following account is chiefly
observation and experience. He was particularly abridged. It will, however, be seen at once, that
celebrated for his skill in midwifery, and female the form of most of them is so simple, and their
diseases, and was called on that account, by the uses so obvious, that very little explanation is
Arabians, AI-Koawabeli, "the Accoucheur," (Abul- necessary.
*pharaj, list. Dynast., p. 181, ed. Pococke). Two 1, 2. Two probes (specillmn, tycXin) made of iron;
pamphlets were published in 1768 at Gbttingen, the larger six inches long, the smaller four and a
4to. by Rud. Aug. Vogel, entitled De Pauli half. 3. A cantery (uravTrpipov) made of iron,
Aeyin2etae Meritis in Medicinamz, ismprimisque rather more than four inches long. 4, 5. Two
Csbiruryianz. Paulus Aegineta lived probably to- lancets (scaipellzum, e/dui[), made of copper, the
wards the end of the seventh century, A. D., and former two inches and a half long, the other three
is the last of the ancient Greek and Latin medical inches. It seems doubtful whether they were
writers whose surgical works remain. The names used for blood-letting, or for opening abscesses,
of several others are recorded, but they are not of &c. 6. A knife, apparently made of copper, the
sufficient eminence to require any notice here. blade of which is two inches and a half long, and
For further information on the subject both of in the broadest part one inch in breadth; the back
medicine and surgery, see MEDICINA; and for the is straight and thick, and the edge much curved;
legal qualifications, social rank, &c., both of phy- the handle is so short that Savenko thinks it must
sicinans and surgeons, among the ancient Greeks have been broken. It is uncertain for what parand Romans, see MEDICus. ticular purpose it was used: Kiihn conjectures that
The surgical instruments, from which the ac- (if it be a surgical instrument at all) it may have
companying engravings are made, were found by a been made with such a curved edge, and such a
physician of Petersburg, Dr. Savenko, in 1819, at straight thick back, that it might be struck with a
Pompeii, in Via Consularis (Stradac Consulasre), in hammer, and so amputate fingers, toes, &c. 7.
a house which is supposed to have belonged to a Another knife, apparently made of copper, the
surgeon. They are now preserved in the museum blade of which is of a triangular shape, two inches
at Portici. The engravings, with an account of long, and in the broadest part eight lines in breadth;
them by Dr. Savenko, were originally published the back is straight and one line broad, and this
in the Reveze Medicale for 1821, vol. iii. p. 427, breadth continues all the way to the point, which,
&c. They were afterwards inserted in Froriep's therefore, is not sharp, but guarded by a sort of
Niotizen aus desn Gebiete der lVcatzr' -d-Heilkunde, button. Kiihn thinks it may have been used for
for 1822, vol. ii. n. 26. p. 57, &c. The plate enlarging wounds, &c., for which it would be parcontaining these instruments is wanting in the ticularly fitted by its blunt point and broad back.
copy of the Revue Ai6dicale in the library of the 8. A needle, about three inches long, made of iron.
College of Surgeons, so that the accompanying 9. An elevator (or instrument for raising depressed
figures are copied from the German work, in which portions of the skull), made of iron, five inches
some of them appear to be drawn very badly. long, and very much resembling those made use of
Their authenticity was at first doubted by Kiihn
(De Instrum. Clsircsg., Yeteridss cognitis, ct nuper A
efossis, Lips. 1823, 4to.), who thought they were /
the same that had been described by Bayardi in
his. Catal. Antiq. Monumsaent. Herculani efros., Nap.
1754. fol. n. 236-294; when, however, his dis- i /
sertation was afterwards republished (OpuseC.
Acadesm. Med. et PHlilol., Lips. 1827, 1828, 8vo.
vol. ii. p. 309) he acknowledged himself to be completely satisfied on this point, and has given in
the tract referred to, a learned and ingenious dew1328tt~~~~~~___ \\'zmd
in the present day. 10-14. Different kinds of
99 l l~. forceps (vulsella). No. 10 has the two sides separated from each other, and is five inches long.
No. 11 is also five inches long. No. 12 is three
inches and a half long. The sides are narrow at