Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

270 CHtILCIDICUMI. CH IRISTIA.
I decorations likewise correspond in richness aifd
character with the vestibule of a basilica described
~. 4J t 7 by Procopius (De Aedsfic. Juslin. i. 10), which is
twice designated by the term XaAIKt. The vestibule of the basilica at Pompeii is shown upon the
plan on page 199, a.
In another sense the word is used as a synonyme
with coenzaculm. "' Scribuntur Dii vestri in
nj @ ~\ \ |I K\)/ tricliniis coelestibus atque in calolcidicis aureis
coenitare " (Arnobius, p. 149). These words, comII(/+l /) &I\ \t11 1lA pared with Hem. Od. xxiii. 1,
IprI'I- S' ElYS UrsEP"p a&VE~raTrO KacTyXeaXwo'a,
and the translation of urep?'ov by Ausolnims
(Perioch. xiii. Odyss.),
" Chalcidicunz gressu nutrix superabat anili,"
together with the known locality of the ancient
fJ(/ _).)' " N- coenaczila, seem fully to authorise the interpreta-'- \ 8 tion given. (Turneb. Advers. xviii. 34; Salnias.
small light shield (cetratos, quos peltastas vocant, in Spart. Pescen. igt. c. 12.-p. 677.)
xxxi. 36). [PELTA.] J. Y.]. Finally, the word seems also to have been used
CHALCEIA (XaXcE7ra), a very ancient festival in the same sense as maceniansunm, a balcony. (Isid.
celebrated at Athens, which at different times De Orig.; Reinesins, Var. Led. iii. 5.) [A. R.1
seems to have had a different character, for at first CHALCIOI'CIA (XaAKniiKia), an annual fesit was solemnised in honour of Athena, surnamed tival, with sacrifices, celebrated at Sparta in honour
Ergane, and by the whole people of Athens of Athena, surnamed XaeNloitcos, i. e. the goddess
whence it -was called'AO'yaia or Idv~sruosv of the brazen-house. (Paus. iii. 17. ~ 3, x. 5. ~ 5;
(Suidas, s. v.; Etymsol. Moagsin.; Eustath. ad II. ii and Goeller ad Tkocyd. i. 128, &c.) Young Ine
p. 284, 36.) At a later period, however, it was narched ol the occasionin fill armour to the
celebrated only by artisans, especially smiths, and temple of the goddess; and the eplors, althougl
in honour of Hephaestus, whence its name was not entering the temple, but remailiing within its
chllanged into XaXKa. (Pollux, vii. 1 05.) It was sacred precincts, were obliged to take part in the
kept on the 30th day of the month of Pyanepsion. sacrifice. (Polyb. iv. 35. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
(Suidas, Harpocrat. Eustath. 1. c.) Menander had CHALC US (Xascovs), a denomination of Greek
written a comedy called XaXAcea, a fragment of copper-noney.
which is preserved in Athen. xi. p. 502. (Conp. Bronze or copper (XaXcdos) was very little used
W;eleker, Die Acseyl. loy. op. 2590.) [L. S.J by the Greeks for money in early times. Silver
CHALCI'DICUM is merely definedl by Festlus was originally the universal currency, and copper
(s. v.) as a sort of building (genus oedfciic), so appears to have been seldom coined till after the
called from the city of Chalcis, but what sort is time of Alexander the Grent. The xaecia rossps
not explained; neither do the inscriptions or the at Athens issued in B. c. 406 (Scsol. ctd A ristoph.
passages of ancient writers, in which the word oc- Ross. 737) were a peculiar exception; and they were
curs, give any descriptionfrom which a conclusion soon afterwards called in, and the silver currency
can be drawn with certainty respecting the form, restored. (Aristoph. Ecclisiaz. 8315-822; Auuse, and locality of such buildings. Ruvs.) It is not improbable, however, that the
Ciahlcidica were certainly appurtenances to some copper coin called xaTesovs was in circulation in
Lbtsilicae (Vitruv. v. 1), in reference to which the Athens still earlier. The smallest silver coin at
following attempts at identification have been Atheels vas the quarter obol, and the xaex ocs
sulggested: - 1. A mint attached to the basilica, a. tlhe half of that, or the eighth of an obol. Its
from axAclr and sirnl, which, though an ingessious zvalue was somewhat more than 3-4ths of a farthing.
conjecture, is not supported by sufficient classical It seems to have been used on account of the difauthority. 2. That part of a basilica which lies ficulty of coining silver in such minute pieces. The
directly in front of the tribune, corresponding to XaXKOvs in later times was divided into lepta, of
the nave in a modern church, of which it was the which, accordingtoSuidas(s.vv.TaVTO,'OodXs),
original, where the lawyers stood, and thence it contaiied seven. There was another coppercoie
termed navis causidicc. 3. An apartment thrown current in Greece, called erusuoXor,, of which the
out at the back of a basilica, either on the ground valtie is not known. Pollux (iii. 9) also mentions
floor or at the extremity of the upper gallery, in the scdAAueos as a copper coil of an earlier age; but,
form of a balcony. 4. Internal chambers on each as Mr. Hussey has remarked, this may have been
side of tile triblune for the convenience of the a common mlame for seall money; since sciAhuvos
judices, as in tlhe basilica of Pompeii. 5. The signified generally " changing money," and KoA0
vestibule of a basilica, either in front or rear Xv*UC-rh'1s, a money-changer." In later times,
which interpretation is founded upon an inscription the obol was coined of copper as well as silver. The
discovered at Pompeii, in the building appropriated Greet states of Sicily ned Italy had a copper cointo the fullers of clothe (folloniicc):- age at a very early period [LITRA]. (Hussey,
EUMssAC1isA. L. F. SCERDm. PUB. e *~Anlcient Weights and M[oney, c. 8; Bicklh, Psltl.
5 5 55 * SlA~~~CinEuM. ~0E~coss. of Athens, p. 592, 2nd ed.; Ueber Gewic/le,
* * *' * ~ C{HALCIDICUaM. CRYPTAMI PORTICUS
"" " ~~ ~s ~ ~3CimTae/ PoRTrcus M:iisse, &c., pp. 142, 312. &c.) [P. S.]
e - SUA. PEQUNIA. FECIT. EADEMQUE. DEnDICAVIT. STI (fron, to grant a
CHARFSTIA (from xapiojlat, to grant a
By comparing the plan of the building with this favour or pardon), a Roman feast, to which none
inscription, it is clear that the chalcidicunl men- but relations and members of the same family were
tioned can only be referred to tile vestibule. Its invited, in order that any quarrel or disagreement