Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

260 CELLA. CENSOR.
if any person recovered it from the purchaser by a room of any kind. (Varr. De Ling. Lat. v. 162.
better title, he would make it good to the pur- ed. Miiller.) Of these there were various dechaser; and, in some cases, the cautio was for scriptions, which took their distinguishing deno.
double the value of the thing. (Dig. 21. tit. 2. minations from the articles they contained, as, for
-s. 60.) This was, in fact, a warranty. - instance, the cella penuccaria or penaria, the cella
The word cautio was also applied to the release olearia and cella vinaria. The slave to whom the
which a debtor obtained from his creditor on satis- charge of these stores was intrusted, was called
fying his demand: in this sense cantio is equiva- cellarius (Plant. Capt. iv. 2. 115; Senec. Ep. 122),
lent to a modern receipt; it is the debtor's security or promus (Colum. xii. 3), or condus, "' quia promit
against the same demand being made a second quod conditumn est" (compare Hor. Carem. i. 9. 7,
time. (Cic. Brut. 5; Dig. 46. tit. 3. s. 89, 94.) iii. 21. 8), and sometimes promus condus and proThus cavere ab aliquo signifies to obtain this kind curator peni. (Plaut. Pseud. ii. 2. 14.) This anof security. A person to whom the usus fructus swers to our butler and housekeeper.
-of a thing was given, might be required to give Any number of small rooms clustered together
security that he would enjoy and use it properly, like the cells of a honeycomb (Virg. Georg. iv. 164)
and not waste it. (Dig. 7. tit. 9.) were also termed cellae e; hence the dormitories of
Cavere is also applied to express the professional slaves and menials are called cellae (Cic. P/il.
advice and assistance of a lawyer to his client for ii. 27; Columella, i. 6), and cellae familiaricae
his conduct in any legal matter. (Cic. Ad Fam. (Vitruv. vi. 10. p. 182) in distinction to a bediii. 1, vii. 6, Pro Murena, c. 10.) chamber, which was cucbiculum. Thus a sleepingThe word cavere and its derivatives are also room at a publichouse is also termed cella. (Petron;
used to express the provisions of a law, by which 55.) For the same reason the dens in a brothel
any thing is forbidden or ordered, as in the phrase, are cellae. (Petron. 8; Juv. Sat. vi. 128.) Each
- Cautumce est lege, principalibus constitutionibus, female occupied one to herself (Ibid. 122), over
&c. It is also used to express the words in a will, which her name and the price of her favours were
by which a testator declares his wish that certain inscribed (Senec. Controv. i. 2); hence cella inthings should be done after his death. The pre- scripta means a brothel. (Mart. xi. 45. 1.) Cella'paration of the instruments of cautio was, of course, ostiarii (Vitruv. vi. 10; Petron. 29), or janitor'is
the business of a lawyer. [G. L.] (Suet. Viiell. 16), is the porter's lodge.
CEADAS (KedGas) or CAEADAS (Kada'as), In the baths the cella caldcaria, tepidaria, and
was a deep cavern or chasm, like the Barat/zron at frigidaria, were those which contained respectively
Athens, into which the Spartans were accustomed the warm, tepid, and cold bath. [BALNEA.E.]
to thrust persons condemned to death. (Thuc. i. The interior of a temple, that is the part in134; Strab. viii. p. 367; Panus. iv. 18. ~ 4; Suidas, cluded within the outside shell, ocrdos (see the
s. v. BdpaOpov, Kald'as, KEdlas.) lower woodcut in ANTAE), was also called celltc.
CEDIT DIES. [LEGATUM.] There was sometimes more than one cella within
CE'LERES, are said to have been three hun- the same peristyle or under the same roof; in
dlred horsemen, who formed the body-guard of which case they were either turned back to back,
~Romulus both in peace and war (Liv. i 15; Dio- as in the temple of Rome and Venus, built by
nys. ii. 13; Plut. Rom. 26). There can, however, Hadrian on the Via Sacra, the remains of whicli
be little doubt that these Celeres were not simply are still visible; or parallel to each other, as in tihe
the body-guard of the king, but were the same as temple of Jupiter Optimlus Maximus in the Capitol.
the equites, or horsemen, a fact which is expressly In such instances each cell took the name of the
stated by some writers (Plin. -IL. N. xxxiii. 2. s. 9), deity whose statue it contained, as cella Jovis, cella
and implied byothers (Dionys. L c.). [EQUITES.] Junonis, cela Minervae. [A. R.]
The etymology of Celeres is variously given. Some CELLA'RIUS. [CELLA.]
writers derived it from their leader Celer, who was CENOTA'PHIUM, a cenotaph - (scebs and
said to have slain Remlus, but most writers con- rdoos) was an empty or honorary tomb, erected as
miected it with the Greek eimX7s, in reference to the a memorial of a person whose body was buried
quickness of their service. (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. elsewhere, or not found for burial at all. (Comp.
xi. 603.) Niebuhr supposes celeres to be identical Thlic. ii. 34; Virg. Aen. iii. 303.)
with patzicii, and maintains that the former word Cenotaphia were considered as re/igzosa, and
was the name of the whole class as distinguished therefore divini juriis, till a rescript of the enl~from the rest of the nation (Hist. of Romne, vol. i. perors Antoninus and Verus pronounced them not
p. 331); but although the equites were at first to be so. (Heinec. Ant. Rom. ii. 1.) [R. W.]
unoubtedly chosen from the patricians, there seems CENSI'TOR. [CENSOR.]
-no reason for believing that the word celeres was CENSUA'LES. [CENSOR.]
synonymous with patricii. - CENSOR (Tqer7jris), the name of two magisThe Celeres were under the command of a Tri- trates of high rank in the Roman republic. Their
iu2cnus Celertzm, who stood in the same relation to office was called Censura (Trls/TeLa or Trstlcra).
the king, as the magister eqalitum did in a subse- The Census, which was a register of Roman
ctuent period to the dictator.' He occupied the citizens and of their property, was first estabsecond place in the state, and in the absence of the lished by Servius Tullius, the fifth king of Rome.
king had the right of convoking the comitia. After the expulsion of the kings it was takens.Whether he was appointed by the king, or elected by the consuls; and special magistrates were not
by the comitia, has been questioned, but the former appointed for the purpose of taking it till the
is the more probable. (Lyd. De Mag. i. 14; Pom- year n. c. 443. The reason of this alteration
pon. de Orig. Jur. in Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. ~~ 15, was owing to the appointment in the preceding
19; Dionys. iv. 71; comp. Becker, Handbucl der year of tribuni militum with consular power in
Ri'misce. Alterth. vol. ii. part i.'pp. 239, 338.) place of the consuls; and as these tribunes might
CELLA, in its primary sense, means a store- be plebeians, the patricians deprived the consuls,