Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CARRUCA. CARYAT IS. 243
the Britons, the Gauls, the Cimbri, the Allobroges, s. 13); whence Ulpian (Dig. 21. tit. l. s. 38. ~ 8)
and other northern nations. (Florus, i. 18, iii. 2, speaks of mnule carrzucariae.
CARRUS. [CARPENTU/M.]
t,,lllll tllllliil i imtli' CA'RYA or CARYA'TIS (icapSa, Kapvafris),
X v-\(.Am_~? l a festival celebrated at Caryae, in Laconia, in
1\~~~~W M r c3P \lonour of Artemis Caryatis. (Hesych. s. v. Kapdai.)
~-' —- ~' It was celebrated every year by Lacedaemonian
Ad q0~),~ % maidens (Kapva'rtaes) with national dances of a
7a~ -ii ~~- ~~~~very lively kind (Paus.iii. 10. ~8; iv. 16. ~5 Pollux, iv. 104), and with solemn hymns. [L. S.]
__I~'2 ~ ~ ~ CARYA'TIS (capvtrTs); pl. CARYA'TIDES.
From the notices and testimonies of ancient authors, we may gather the following account:-That
border; that its inhabitants joined the Persians
—' —z:'2.'.w,...... -'~ after the battle of Thermopylae (Herod. viii. 26;
Vitruv. i. 1. ~ 5); that on the defeat of the Persians
3, and 10.) These, together with the carts of the the allied Greeks destroyed the town, slew the
more colnmon form, including baggage-waggons, men, and led the women into captivity; and that,
appear to have been comprehended under the term as male figures representing Persians were aftercarri, or caera, which is the Celtic name with a wards employed with an historical reference instead
Latin termination. The Gauls and Helvetii of columns in architecture LATLANTES; PERSAE],
took a great multitude of them on their military so Praxiteles and other Athenian artists employed
expeditions; and, when they were encamped, ar- female figures for the same purpose, intending
ranged them in close order, so as to form extensive them to express the garb, and to commemorate the
lines of circumvallation. (Caes. Bell. Gall. i. 24, disgrace of the Caryatides, or women of Caryae.
26.) [J. Y.] (Vitruv. I. c.; Plin. hi1. N. xxxvi. 45 and 11.)
CARPOU DIKE' (icap'rov 31Ko), a civil action Figures of Caryatides are exceedingly common in
under the jurisdiction of the thesmothetae, might the remains of ancient architecture. The following
be instituted against a farmer for default in pay- specimen is taken from MUller's Denkamtler der
ment of rent. (Meier, Att. Proc. p. 531.) It was alten ldenst.
also adopted to enforce a judicial award when the
unsuccessful litigant refused to surrender the land
to his opponent (Hudtwalcker, p. 144; Meier, Att.
Proc. p. 750), and might be used to determine the
right to land (Harpocrat. s. v., and Oboiias AiKc),
as the judgment would determine whether the
plaintiff could claim rent of the defendant. [J. S. M.]
CARRAIGO, a kind of fortification, consisting /1
of a great number of waggons placed round'an
arImy. It was employed by barbarous nations, as,
for instance, the Scythians (Trebell. Poll. Gallien.
13), Gauls [CARPENTUTJ], and Goths (Amm.
Marc. xxxi. 20). Compare Veget. iii. 10.
Carrago also signifies sometimes the baggage of A
an army. (Trebell. Poll. Claud. 8; Vopisc. AsureCARRU'CA, a carriage, the name of which
only occurs under the emperors. It appears to
have been a species of rheda [RHEnDA], whence
Martial in one epigram (iii. 47) uses the words as
synonymous. It had four wheels, and was used
in traveiling. Nero is said never to have travelled
with less than 1000 carrucae. (Suet. Ner. 30.)
These carriages were sometimes used in Rome by
persons of distinction, like the carpenta [CARPENTTUM], in which case they appear to have been
covered with plates of bronze, silver, and even gold,
which were sometimes ornamented with embossed
work. Alexander Severus allowed senators at.
Rome'to use carrucae and rhedae plated with silver
(Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 43); and Martial (iii. 72) After the subjugation of the Caryatae, their
speaks of an aurea carruzc which cost the value territory became part of Laconia. The fortress
of a farm. We have no representations of carriages (Xcopiov, Steph. Byz.) had been consecrated to
in ancient works of art which can be safely said to Artemis (Diana Ciaryatis, Serv. in riry. Eel. viii.
he carrucae; but we have several representations 30), whose image was in the open air, and at whose
of carriages ornamented with plates of metal. (See annual festival (KapuvarTs Eopr', IHesych.) the LaInghirami, Monan. E trusclh. iii. 18. 23; Millingen, conian virgins continued, as before, to perform a
Uned. Mon. ii. 14.) Carrucae were also used for dance of a peculiar kind, the execution of which
carrying women, and were then, as well, perhaps, was called icapvaT'rifw. (Pans. iii. 10. ~ 8; iv. 16.
as in other cases, drawn by mules (Dig. 34. tit. 2. ~ 5; Lucian, De Salt.) [J. Y.]
31~~~~J Y.