Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CARDO. CARNEIA. 241
accusation, till the time of trial;. and also as a behind the antepagmentum (marmoreo aeratus
place of execution, to which purpose the Tullianum
was specially devoted. Thus, Sallust (1. c.) tells
us that Lentulus, an accomplice of Catiline, was a
hanged there. Livy also (xxix. 22) speaks of a
conspirator being delegatus in Tullianum, which
in another passage (xxxiv. 44), is otherwise expressed by the words in inferiorem desnissus carcereIa, necatusque.
The same, part of the prison was also called'robur," if we may judge from the words of b
Festus: —Robur in careere dicitur is loctus, quo
piraecipitatur maleficoruzss genies. This identity is
further shown by the use made of it; for it is - b
spoken of as a place of execution in the following -=
passages: -In robore et tekebris e'xspirare (Liv.
xxxviii. 59; Sallust, 1. c.).' Robur et saorus (s~.
Tarpeium) mlinitari (Tacit. Ann. iv. 29). So also
stridens in Ilmine cardlo, Virg. Ciris, 222; Eurip.
we read of the catenas —et Italum robin. (Hor. Pioen. 114-116, Schol. ad loc.).
Carmi.. -13. 18C.), [R. l W.] The Greeks and Romans also ased hinges exCA'RCERES. [CiRbcus.] actly like those now in common use. Four Roman
CA.RCHEISIU.M- (nepXGouOV). 1. A beaker hinges of bronze, preserved in the British Museum,
or drinking-cup, which was used by the Greeks in are her shown
very early times, so that one is said to have been
given by Jupiter to Alemenia on the night of his
visitto her. (Pherecydes, p. 97-100, ed. Sturtz.)
It was slightly contracted in the middle, and its
two handles extended from the top to the bottom. l,
(Athen. xi. p. 474; 4Macrob. Sat. v. 21.) It was
much employed in libations of blood, wine, milk,
and honey. (Sappho, Frog. 70, ed. Neue; Virg.
Georg. iv. 380, Aen. v. 77; Ovid, 1Met. vii. 246;
Stat. Achill. ii. 6.) The annexed woodcut repre- /I
sents a magnificent carchesium, which was presented by Charles the Simplie to the Abbey of
St. Denys. It was cut out of a single agate, and
The Amnn of the door above delineated makes it
manifest why the principal line laid down in surveying land was called " cardo" (Festus, s. v. Deis c eonanus; Isid. Orig. xv. 14); and it further ex-,rALi5~,ii ~_J plails the application of the sne term to the
\- i2-t —".'a!'/ //?" North Pole, the supposed pivot on which the' heavens revolved. (Varr. De Re Rust. i. 2; Ovid,,1'.~,.~ _~ ~ ~'~/ L,? Ponto, i. - 10. 45.) The lower extremity of
the universe was conceived to turn upon another
"'~ta~~~~~ ~pivot, -corresponding to that at the bottom of the
door (Cic. De Nat. Deer. ii. 41 Vitruv. vi. 1,
ix. 1); and the conception of these two principal
points in geography and astronomy led to the ap.
plication of the same term to the East and West
also. (Lucan. v. 71.) Hence our "four points of
the compass" are called by ancient writers quatuor
caurdines orbis terrarosn, and the four principal
richly engraved with representations of baechana- winds, N. S. E. and WV., are the cardinales venti.
lian subjects. It held considerably more than a (Serv. ad Aenz. i. 85,) [J. Y.]
pint, and its handles were so large as easily to CARI'NA. [NAVIS.]
admit a man's hand. CARMENTA'LIA, an old Roman festival ce2. The upper part of the mast of a ship. lebrated in honour of the nymph Carmenta or
[NtvIs.] Carmentis, for an account of whom see Dict. of
CARDO (rapds, o7podieVs, o r t yyyXv- Biog, s. v. Camnenae. This festival was celebrated
aos),'a hinge, a pivot. The first figure in the an- annually on the 11lth and the 15th of January,
nexed woodcut is designed to show the general and no other particulars of it are recorded except
form of a door, as we find it with a pivot at the that Carmenta was invoked in it as Postvorta and
top and bottom (a, b) in ancient remains of stone, Antevorta, epithets which had reference to her
marble, wood, and bronze. The second figure re- power of looking back into the past and forward
presents a bronze hinge in the Egyptian collection into the future. The festival was chiefly observed
of the British Museum: its pivot (b) is exactly by women. (Ov. Fast. i. 634; Macrob. Sat. i. 7;
cylindrical. Under these is drawn the -threshold Gell. xvi. 16;' Serv. ad Vizg, Aen viii. 339; Harof a temple, or other large edifice, with the plan of tung,' Die Religion der Romer, vol. ii. p.1 99.)
the folding doors. The pivots move in holes fitted CARNEIA (Kap'eea), a great national festival,
to receive -them (67, b), each'of which is in an ancle celebrated by the Spartans in honour of Ap.ollo
R