Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

236 CANDELABRUM. CANDELABRUM.
the carriage. (Xen. Ages. viii. 7; Plut. Ages. c. 19.) candelabrum found in the same city (Cus. Boarb.
Homer calls this kind of basket 7rxeipiv. (II. xxiv. vi. pl. 61), and is made with a sliding shaft, by
190, 267; and Eustath. ad loc. Compare Sturtz, which the light might be raised or lowered at
Lex. Xenoplh. s. v. KdvaOpos; Scheffer, De Re pleasure.
Jlehic. p. 68.)
CANCELLA'RIUS. [CANCELLI.]
CANCELLI, lattice-work, placed before a window, a door-way, the tribunal of a judge, or any
other place. (See e. g. Cic. pro Sest. 58; Varr.
1?. R. iii. 5; Ov. Anm. iii. 2. 64; Dig. 30. tit. 41.
s. 10; 33. tit. 7. s. 10.) Hence was derived the
word Cancellarius, which originally signified a
porter, who stood at the latticed or grated door of
the emperor's palace. The emperor Carinus gave
great dissatisfaction by promoting one of his Cancellarii to be Praefectus urbi. (Vopisc. Ccarin. 16.)
The cancellarius also signified a legal scribe or
secretary, who sat within the cancelli or latticeworlk, by which the crowd was kept off from the
tribunals of the judges. (Cassiod. Vhar. xi. 6.)
The chief scribe or secretary was called Cancellarins
caTr' bEoxbw, and was eventually invested with
judicial power at Constantinople; but an account
of his duties and the history of this office do not
fall within the scope of the present work. From
this word has come the modern Chancellor.
CANDE LA, a candle, made either of wax
(cereca) or tallow (sebacea), was used universally
by the Romans before the invention of oil lamps
(Ilcerzae). (Varr. De Ling. Lat. v. 119, ed. Miller; Martial, xiv. 43; Athen. xv. p. 700.) They
used for a wick the pith of a kind of rush called
scibpus (Plin. IIr. N. xvi. 70). In later times candela~ were only used by the poorer classes; the
houses of the more wealthy were always lighted
by lucernae (Juv. Sat. iii. 287; Becker, GclluLs,
vol. ii. p. 201).
CANDELA'BRUM, was originally a candlestick, but was afterwards used to support lamps )
(AvXroSXos), in which signification it most commonly occurs. The candelabra of this kind were
usually smade to stand upon the ground, and were The best candelabra were made at Aegina and
of a considerable height. The most common kind Tarentum. (Plin. It. N. xxxiv. 6.)
were made of wood (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. iii. 7; Martial, There are also candelabra of various other forms,
xiv. 44; Petron. 95; Athen. xv. p. 700); but those though those which have been given above are by
which have been found in Herculaneum and Pom- far the most common. They sometimes consist of
peii are mostly of bronze. Sometimes they were
made of the more precious metals and even of
jewels, as was the one which Antiochus intended
to dedicate to Jupiter Capitolinus. (Cic. Verr. iv.
28.) In the temples of the gods and palaces there /
were frequently large candelabra made of marble,
aIld fastened to the ground. (Museo Pio-Clem. iv.
1. 5, v. 1. 3.)
There is a great resemblance in the general plan
and appearance of most of the candelabra which
have been found. They usually consist of three
parts:-1. the foot (3PcLds); 2. the shaft or stem
(,cauXds); 3. the plinth or tray (o-Tcds), large
enough for a lamp to stand on, or with a socket to
receive a -wax candle. The foot usually consists
of three lions' or griffins' feet, ornamented with
leaves; and the shaft, which is either plain or,=
fluted, generally ends in a kind of capital, on
which the tray rests for supporting the lamp. s
Sometimes we find a figure between the capital and e
the tray, as is seen in the candelabrum on the
right hand in the annexed woodcut, which is taken
from the Musseo Borbonico (iv. pl. 57), and repre
Lents a candelabrum found in Pompeii. The one
on the left hand is also a representation of a