Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

0B2 CALENDARIUTM. CA LEN DARIUM.
reference to the retrograde direction of the reckon- name Augustus, in place of Sextilis, was introduced
ing. nuch at least is the opinion of Ideler, who by the emperor himself, at the time when he rectirefers to Celsus in the Digest (50. tit. ] 6. s. 98). fied the error in the mode of intercalating (Suet.
FIorn the fact that the intercalated year has two Autg. c. 31), anno Augu.stano xa. The first year
days called ante diemt sextuml, the name of bissextile of the Augustan era was 27 B. c., viz., that in
has been applied to it. The term an2nus bissextilis, which he first took the name of Augustus, se vii. et
however, does not occur in any writer prior to JL. Vipsanio AYqrippa coss. I-e was born in SepBeda, but in place of it the phrase annus bissextus. tember; but gave the preference to the preceding
It was the intention of Caesar that the bissex- month, for reasons stated in the senatus-consultum,
tum should be inserted peracto quadriennii circuitu, preserved by Mlacrobius (i. 12).," Whereas the
as Censorinus says, or quinto quoque incipiente anno, Emperor Augnustus Caesar, in the month of Sexto use the words of Macrobins. The phrase, how- tilis, was first admitted to the consulate, and thrice
ever, which Caesar used seems to have been qzuarto entered the city in triumph, and in the same
quoque annzo, which was interpreted by the priests month the legions, from the Jlaiculum, placed
to mean every third year. The consequence was, themselves under his auspices, and in the same
that in the year 8 B. c. the Emperor Augustus, month Egypt was brought under the authority of
finding that three more intercalations had been the Roman people, and in the same month an end
made than was the intention of the law, gave was put to the civil wars; and whereas for these
directions that for the next twelve years there reasons the slid month is, and has been, most forshould be no bissextile.. tunate to this empire, it is hereby decreed by the
The services which Caesar and Augustus had senate that the said month shall be called Augtus.
conferred upon their country by the reformation tus." " A plebiscitum, to the'same effect, was
of the year, seem to have been the immediate passed on the motion of Sextus Pacuvius, tribune
causes of the compliments paid to them by the in- of the plebs."
sertion of their names in the calendar. Julius was The month of September in like manner received
substituted for Quinctilis, the month in which the name of Germanicus from the general so called,
Caesar was born, in the second Julian year, that is, and the appellation appears to have existed even in
the year of the dictator's death (Censorinus, c. 22); the time of Macrobius. Domitian, too, conferred
for the first Julian year was the first year of the his name upon October; but the old word was reocorrected Julian calendar, that is, 45 B. c. The stored upon the death of the tyrant.
Our tdays of t~he M5arch, May, July, January, August, April, June, Sep- February has 28
OIyo th. October, have 31 December, have 31 tember, November, days, and in Leap
Moh. Idays. days. have 30 days. Year 29.
1. KALENDIS. KALENDIS. KALENDIS. KALENDIS.
2. VI. IV. ante IV. ante IV. Ante
3. IIIS. Nonas. III. J Nonas. III. Nonas.
4. IV. Nonas. Pridie Nonas. Pridie Nonas. Pridie Nonas.
5. I. NoNis. NONIS. NONIS.
6. Pridie Nonas. VIII. 1 v 1. 1 VIii.
7. NONIS. VII. VII. VII.
8, VIII. VI. ante VI. ante VI.
9. VII. V. [ Idus. V. Idus. V.
10. VI. ante IV. IV.
11. V. I II. III. III.
12. IV. Pridie Idus. Pridie Idus. Pridie Idus
13. III. anne. In I I. s. I s.
14. Pridie Idus. XIX. XVIII. XVI.
15. IDIBUS. XVII. XVII. I. XV.
16. XVII. XVII.,z XVI. [ XIV.
17. XVI..= XVI.' XV. XI II.
18. XV. XV. XIV. XII
19. X I V. XIV. X I I I.. Xl.
20. X II.. XII., XI. I.. X. X -
21. XII. 4 XII. XI. X.
22. XlI. 0.f XI. o VIII.
23. II. 5X. Vi. 9
r. " MX. 11 x.
26. VII. IA VIiI. v 1'27. VI. VI. V. I I T.
9, B.. V. V. I V. Pridie k-alendas
29.- IV. I III. artias.
30. II. III..Pridie Kalendas
31. Pridie Kalendas Pridie Kalendas (of the month
(of the month (of the month following).
following). following).
o.... _._