Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CALENDARIUM. CALENDARIU1M. 225
('ArEcAAa7os), 3. Audynaeus (Avbvvaios), 4. Peri- mistake in identifying the Lous with the Hecatius (lepiT10os), 5. Dystrus (A60-Tpos), 6. Xan- tombaeon. But no satisfactory solution of the
thicus (Eav0L;cds), 7. Artemisius ('ApTE[,iosos), difficulty has yet been offered. We know that
8. Daesius (Aatilos), 9. Panemus (tIdvrlos), the Macedonian year began with the month of
10. Lous (AMos), 11. Gorpiaeus (ropmrsaos), 12. Dius, commencing with the autumnal equinox.
Hyperberetaeus ('T7rep~epsETaro). The difficulty When AlexandeI conquered Asia, the Macedonian
is to identify the Macedonian months with those calendar was spread over many parts of Asia,
of the Athenians. From Plutarch (Camil. 19, though it underwent various modifications in the
comp. with Alex. 16) we learn that the Macedonianr different countries in which it vas adopted. When
Daesius was identical with the Athenian Tharge- subsequently the Asiatics adopted the Julian Calion; but while, according to Philip, the Mace- lendar, those modifications also exercised their indonian Lous was the same as the Athenian fluence and produced differences in the nanles of
Boedromion, Plutarch (Alex. 3) identifies the the months, although, generally spealing, the solar
Lous with the Attic Hecatombaeon. This dis- year of the Asiatics began with the atltlullnal
crepancy has given rise to various conjectures, some equinox. During the time of the Rolman emperors,
supposing that between the time of Philip and the following calendars occur in the provinlce of
Plutarch a transposition of the names of the months Asia:
had taken place, and others that Plutarch made a
1. Caesarius (KaL'cipos) had 30 days, and began on the 24th of September.
2. Tiberius (Ti~Epmos) 31 - 24th of October.
3. Apaturius ('AsraroSptos) 31 - 24th of November.
4. Posidaon (lroaelac6v) 30 - 25th of December.
5. Lenaeus (Arma'tov) 29 - 24th of January.
6. Hierosebastus ('IEpoer'arr'os) 30 -- 22d of February.
7. Artemisius ('ApreIs.oraos) 31 - 24th of March.
8. Evangelius (EvayyEAXos) 30 24th of April.
9. Stratonicus (-rpaerf'tcos) 31 - 24th of May.
10. Hecatombaeus ('Ema-r'lAsaLos) 31] - - 24th of June.
11. Anteus ("Arreos) 31 25th of July.
12. Laodicius (AaoliKecos) 30 - - 25th of August.
Among the Ephesians we find the following months:1-4. Unknown.
5. Apatureon ('A7rarovpec6v), nearly answers to our November.
6. Poseideon (Iloe1S4c'S) - December.
7. Lenaeon (A7R1atc6) January.
8. Unknown.
9. Artemision ('Ap-terrlc6') - - March.
10. Calamaeon (KaAaeuatrc) - - April.
11-1 2. Unknown.
At a later time the Ephesians adopted the same [ with the month of Dius on the 24th of Sep,
names as the Macedonians, and began their year I tember.
The following is a list of the Bithynian months: —
1. Heraeus ('Hpaos), contained 31 days, and began on the 23rd of September.
2. Hermaeus ("Ep/xaios) 30 24th of October.
3. Metrous (MwrpyPos) - 31 23rd of November.
4. Dionysins (ALovs'rueos) 31 24th of December.
o. Heracleius ('HpdKcXeeos) 28 - 24th of January.
6. Dius (ALos) - 31 21st of Febrlary.
7. Bendidaeus (Bevzsrsaos) 30 24th of Mavchb
8. Strateius (>rpCireios) 31 - 23rd of April.
9. Periepius (Ilepleiros) - 30 - 24th of May.
10. Areius ('Apeos) 31 - 23rd of June.
11. Aphrodisius ('Alspoo-ios) - 30 24th of July.
12. Demetrius (A-l/.lrpios) 31 - 23rd of August.
The following system was adopted by the Cyprians: —
1. Aphrodisius ('ArpolOrtos), contained 31 days, and began on the 23rd of September.
2. Apogonicus ('A7royov'mcms) - 30 _ 24th of October.
3. Aenicus (AivaIcos) 31 23rd of November.
4. Julius ('-loblos) 31 - 24th of December.
b. Caesarius (Kazloptos) - 28 - 24th of January.
6. Sebastus (KEoa-pos) - 30 21st of February.
7. Autocratoricus (AvroTcpropT0p ss) - 31 23rd of March.
8. Denmarchexusius (AnlapXeSOtL'ros) 31 - 23rd of April.
9. Plethypatus (IlAOU6nraTrS) - 30 -24th of May.
10. Archiereus ('ApXLepeVs) 31 - 23rd of June.
11. Esthius ("EOsios) 30 24th of July.
12. RIomacus ('PpeCltos) 31 _ 23rd of August.