Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

BRACAE.. BRASIDEIA. 213
rpuvraeYtoI: a statement which gives additional articles of armour and of dress [Ac!NACES, ARacs,
support to the opinion that Solosn did not originate ARaMILLA], were common to all the nations which
the senate at Athens. eieircled the Greek and Roman population, exThe number of tribes at Athens was net always tending from the Indian to the Atlantic ocean.
ten; an alteration took place in n. c. 306, when Hence Aristagoras, king of Miletus, in his inter.
Demetrius Poliorcetes had liberated the city from view with Cleomenes, king of Sparta, described
the usurpation of Cassander. Two were then the attire of a large portion of them in these terms:
added, and called D.emetrias, and Antigonis, ill -'LThey carry bows and a short spear, and go
honour of Demetrius and his father. It is evident to battle in trowsers and with hats upon their
that this change, and the consequent addition of heads." (Herod. v. 49..) Hence also the phrase
100 members to the senate, must have varied the Braccati msilitis arcas, signisying that those who
order and length of the prytanes. The tribes just wore trowsers were in general armed with the
mentioned were afterwards called Ptolemais and bow. (Propert. iii. 3. 17.) In particular, we
Attalis; and in the time of Hadrian, who beau- are informed of the use of trowsers or pantaloons
tified and improved Athens (Paus. i. 18. ~ 6), a among the following nations: the Medes and
thirteenth was added, called from him Hadrianis. Persians; the Parthians; the Phrygians; the
An edict of this emperor hbasbeen preserved, which Saca; the Sarmatae; the Dacians and Getae;
proves that even in his time the Athenians kept up the Teutones; the elgaee; the Britons; and the
the show of their former institutions. (Hermann, Gauls.
Griecl. Staatsalltert/. ~ 125, &c.; Schimann, De T'he Latin word blaseccae is the same as tile
Com7itiis AthelvieesiZrl,.) [R. W.] Scottish " breeks " and the Engl;iseh " bre-ches."
BOULEUISEOS GRAPHE' (,3ovXEsvBeWos Corresponding. terms are used in all the northern,paeps), an impeachment for conspiracy. BoivXe'- languages. Also the Cossack and Persian trowsers
oEcos; being in this case the abbreviated form of of the present day differ in no matevial respect
iE7roviXereos, is the name of two widely different fiom those which were anciently worn in, the same
actions at Attic law. The first was the accusation coulitries. IIi ancient mnonuments we find the
of conspiracy against life, and might be instituted above-mentioned people constantly exhibited in
by the person thereby attacked, if competent to trowseers, thus clearly distillguishing them from
bring an action; if otherwise, by his or her legal Greeks and Romans. An example is seen in the
patron (rcp'los). In case of the plot having sac- annexed group of Sarumatians, taken fiom the co.~
ceeded, the deceased might be represented in the lumn of Trajan.
prosecution by nearkinsmen (of vs'rbS &,Ve16T'dr'os),
or, if they wese incompetent, by tlhe rxuplos, as
above mentioned. (Meier, Att. Proc. p. 164.) The -
criminality of the accused was independent of the
result of the conspiracy (Harpocrat.), and the j
penalty, upon conviction, was the same as that
incurred by the actual murdlerers. (Andoc. De i J
1fyst. p. 46. 5.) The presidency of the court upoIn
a trial of this kind, as in most 6lKat povmtca, be- B i i
longed to the king archon (Meier, Att. Ptroc.
p. 312), and the court itself was composed of the!/ i l /
ephetae, sitting at the Palladium, according to
who, however, also mentions that the areiopaifs
is stated by Deinarchls to have been the prlapelr 1
tribuisal.
The other action, XotsAecoews, was available / (L _V /
upon a person finding himself wrongfully inscribel
as a state debtor in the registers, or rolls, which
were kept by the different financial officers. Meier Trowsers -were priscipallv woollen; but Agathias
(Att. Proo. p. 339), however, suggests that a ma- states (Hist. ii. 5) that in Europe they were also
gistrate that had so offended, would probably be made of linen mrl of leather; probably the Asiaties
proceeded against at the eiOuevae, or iErLxeIporoYvLat, made them -of cotton and of silk. Sometimes they
the two occasions upon which the public conduct of' were striped (vriatae, Propert. iv. 11. 43), and
mlagistrates was examined; so that generally the- rnamented witt a woof of various colours (7roecial,
defendant in this action would be a private citizen Xen. Analb. i. 5. ~ 8). The Greeks seem never to
that had directed such: an insretiort at Isis own; have worn them. They were also unknown at
peril. From the passage in Demosthenes, it seems Rome during the republican period; and in A. D.
doubtful whethc r t.he disenfranchisement (a-mlefa) 69 Caecina gave great offence on his march into
of the plaintiff as a sta-te-debtor was in abeyance Italy, because he wore bracceae, which were rovwhile this action was pending. Demosthenes at garded as tegmsien barbaruzmz. (Tac. His. ii. 20,)
first asserts (c. Aristog. i. p. 778. 19), but after- In the next century, however, they gradually came
wards (p. 792. 1) aryues that it was not. (See, into use at Rome; but they would appear never to
however, Meier, Att. Proc. p. 340, and Bidckh's have been genlerally: wvon, It ia recorded of
note.) The distinction between this action anid Alexander Severus that he wore white braccae,
the similar one EsUEs-yypaars, is explained under and not crimson ones (ccciuecae), as had been the
the latter title. [J. S. M.] custom with. preceding emperors. The use of theus
BOULEUTE'RION. [BoULE, p 212, b.] in thle city was forbidden by Ilovorius. (Lamprid.
BRACAE or BRACCAE (&vauvpi&es), trowv- Ale, Scever. 40.) [J, Y.}
sers, pantaloons. These, as well as various otherI BRASIDEIA (taaaelea), a festiv-al celebrated
P 3