Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

BOONAE. BOULE. 209'
as those who were not emancipated, and adoptive (viii. 114) includes them among the inferior offices
as well as children of tihe blood; but not children or offices of service (V'rpseo-'al, Bickh, PubI. Eeon.
who had been adopted into another family. If of Athens, p. 216, 2d ed.)
a freedman died intestate, leaving only a wife (in BOREASMI or BOREASMUS (Bopeao.uot
manu) or an adoptive son, the patron was entitled or o0peac/zds), a festival celebrated by the Atheto the bonorum possessio of one half of his property. nians in honour of Boreas (Ilesych. s. 2v.), which,
The bonorum possessio was given either curm -e as Herodotus (vii. 189) seems to think, was instior sine re. It was given Cuem re, when the person tuted during the Persian war, when the Athenians,
to whom it was given thereby obtained the pro- being commanded by an oracle to invoke their
perty or inheritance. It was given sine re, when /yauepbs E7ritovpos, prayed to Boreas. The fleet
another person could assert his claim to the in- of Xerxes was soon afterwards destroyed by a
heritance by the jus civile: as if a man died intes- north wind, near Cape Sepias, and the grateful
tate leaving a suzcs zeres, the grant of the bonorum Athenians erected to his honour a temple on the
possessio would have no effect; for the heres could banks of the Ilissus. But considering that Boreas
maintain his legal right to the inheritance. Or if was intimately connected with the early history of
a person who was named heres in a valid will was Attica, since he is said to have carried off and
satisfied with his title according to the jus civile, married Oreithya, daughter of Erechtheus (Herod.
and did not choose to ask for the bonorum possessio 1. c.; Paus. i. 19. ~ 6), and that he was familiar to
(which he was entitled to if he chose to have it), them under the name of brothter-in-lawe, we have
those who would have been heredes in case of an in- reason to suppose that even previous to the Persian
testacy might claim the bonorumn possessio, which, wars certain honours were paid to him, which were
however, would be unavailing against the legal title perhaps only revived and increased after the event
of the testamnentary heres, and therefore sine re. recorded by Herodotus. The festival, however,
Parents and children might claim the bonorum does not seem ever to have had any great celebrity;
possessio within a year from the time of their being for Plato (P'haedr. p. 229) represents Phaedrus as
able to make the claim; others were required to unacquainted even with the site of the temple of
make the claim within a hundred days. On the Boreas. Particulars of this festival are not known,
failure of such party to make his claim within the except that it was celebrated with banquets.
proper'time, the right to claim the bonorum pos- Pausanias (viii. 36. ~ 4) mentions a festival celesessio devolved on those next in order, through brated with annual sacrifices at Megalopolis in
the seven degrees of succession. honour of Boreas, who was thought to have been
Hle who received the bonorum possessio was not their deliverer from the Lacedaemonians. (Comup.
thereby made leres, but he was placed heredis loco; Aelian, V. H. xii. 61.)
for the praetor could not make a heres. The pro- Aelian (1. c.) says that the Thurians also offered
perty of which the possession was thus given was an annual sacrifice to Boreas, because he had deonly In bonis, until by usucapion the possessionI stroyed the fleet with which Dhonysius of Syrawas converted into Quiritarian ownership (doosi- cuse attacked them; and adds the curious remark,
niuez). All the claims and obligations of the de- that a decree was made which bestowed upon him
ceased person were transferred with the bonorum the right of citizenship, and assigned to him a
possessio to the possessor or praetorian heres; house and a piece of land. This, however, is peramd he was protected in his possession by the in- haps merely another way of expressing the fact,
terdictum Quorum bonorum. The benefit of this that the Thurians adopted the worship of Boreas,
interdict was limited to cases of bonorum possessio, and dedicated to him a temple, with a piece of
and this was the reason why a person who could land. [L. S.]
claim the inheritance in case of intestacy by the BOULE' (Bol;r-X), a deliberate assembly or
civil law sometimes chose to ask for the bonorum council. In the heroic ages, represented to us by,
possessio also. The praetorian heres could only Homer, the Oovxui is simply an aristocratical
sue and be sued in respect of the property by a council of the nobles, sitting under their king as
legal fiction. He was not able to sustain a directa president, who, however, did not possess any greater
tctio; but in order to give him this capacity, he authority than the other members, except what that
was by a fiction of law supposed to be what he position gave him. The nobles, thus assembled,
was not, hseres; and he was said ficto se lerede decided on public business and judicial matters,
ezgere, or intendere. The actions which he could frequently in connection with, but apparently not
sustain or defend were actiones stiles. (Cic. Ad subject to, nor of necessity controlled by, an &-yopd,
PFar. vii. 21; Gaius, iii. 25-38, iv. 34; Ulp. or meeting of the freemen of the state. (II. ii. 53,
Frag. tit. 28, 29; Dig. 37. tit. 4. s. 19; tit. 11; 143, xviii. 503, Od. ii. 239.) This form of governDig. 38. tit. 6; a good general view of the bonorum ment, though it existed for some time in the Ionian,
possessio is given by Marezoll, Lehrbuchl der Icn- Aeolian, and Achaean states, was at last wholly abostitutionen des RMm. Rechts, ~ 174; Thibaut, Sys- lished. Amongst the Dorians, however, especially
temn des Pandekten Reclts, ~ 843, 9th ed.) [G. L.] with the Spartans, this was not the case; for it is
BONO'RUM POSSESSIO. [INTERaICTura.] well known that they retained the kingly power of
BONO'RUM RAPTO'RUMACTIO. LFvU- the Heracleidae, in conjunction with the "epovoia
TUr.] [GEROUSIA], or assembly of elders, of which the
BOO'NAE (/8onz'at), persons in Athens who kings were members. A.t Athens, there were two
purchased oxen for the public sacrifices and feasts. councils, one usually called the Areiopagus from
They are spoken of by Demosthenes (c. Mfid. p. its meeting on the hill of Ares ('I Et''Apei? 7rdcyW
570) in conjunction with the 1epor0oLoL and those,Boi)X4), which was mare of an aristocratical chawho presided over the mysteries, and are ranked racter, and is spoken of under AREIOPAGUS, and
by Libanius (Declarr. viAi.) with the sitonae, gene.- the other called Ttie Council or Senate of' the Fi'e
rals, and ambassadors. Their office is spoken of as Htundred (oi Ari' mrerag6coo v ic ouXA), or simuply
honourable by Harpocration (s..); but Pollux Th/e CouZcil or S7&ncate (4 BovAX), which, was a
P,