Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

200 BASILICA. BAXA.
empire apply the term basilicae to all churches I not contain all that the Corpus Juris contains; tlt
built after the model just'described; and such were it contains numerous fragments of the opinions of
the earliest edifices dedicated to Christian worship, ancient jurists, and of imperial Constitutions, which
which, with their original designation, continue to are not in the Corpus Juris.
this day, being still called at Rome Iasilicae. A The Basilica were published, with a Latin verChristian basilica consisted of four principal parts: sion, by Fabrot, Paris, 1647, seven vols. folio.
-1. rIpJvaos, the vestibule of entrance. 2. Naes, Fabrot published only thirty-six books complete,
navis, and sometimes greinium, the nave or centre and six others incomplete: the other books were
aisle, which was divided from the two side ones by made up from an extract from the Basilica and the
a row of columns on each of its sides. Here the Scholiasts. Four of the deficient books were afterpeople assembled for the purposes of worship. 3. wards found in MIS., and published by Gerhaird,Aigwc (from a&vagatvewl, to ascend), chorsus (the Meerman, with a translation by M. Otto Reitz, in
choir), and swg.estum; a part of the lower extremity the fifth volume of his Thesaurus Juris Civilis et
of the nave raised above the general level of the Canonici; and they were also published separately
floor by a flight of steps. 4.'IEparEi7oV, Lepbl in London, in 1765, folio, as a supplement to.~p~a, sanctuariumn, which answered to the tribune Fabrot's edition. A new critical edition, by
of the ancient basilica. In the centre of this C. Guil. E. Heimbach, Leipzig, 1833, &c., 4to.,
sanctuary was placed the high altar, under a taber- has been commenced. (Bicking, Institutionsen, vol.
nacle or canopy, such as still remains in the basilica i. p. 105.)
of St. John of Lateran, at Rome; at which the BASTERNA, a kind of litter (lectica) in which
priest officiated with his face turned towards the women were carried in the time of the Roman empeople. Around this altar, and in the wings of the perors. It appears to have resembled the lectica
sanctuarium, were seats for the assistant clergy, [LECTICA] very closely; and the only difference
with an elevated chair for the bishop at the bottom apparently was, that the lectica was carried by
of the circle in the centre. (Theatr. Basil. Pisan. slaves, and the basterna by two mules. Several
cura Josep. Marl. Canon. iii. p. 8 Ciamp. Vet. etymdlogies of the word have been proposed. SalMen. i. ii. et De Sac;r. Ed.; Stieglitz, Arclihol. d. masius supposes it to be derived from the Greek
Bsaukunsst, vol. iii. pp. 19, &c; Hirt. Lehs-e d. Ge- 6BaTrd.c (Salm. ad Lamnprid. Heliog. 21). A debz/ude, pp. 180, &c; Bunsen, Die Basiliken des scription of a basterna is given by a poet in the
C]'ristlichen Roms, Munich, 1844.) [A. R.] Aunth. Lat. iii. 183.
BAS1'LICA. - About A.,. 876, the Greek BAXA, or BAXEA, a sandal made of vegeemperor Basilius, the Macedonian, commenced table leaves, twigs, or fibres. According to Isidore
this work, which was completed by his son Leo, (Orig. xix. 33), this kind of sandal was worn on
the philosopher, who reigned from A. D. 886 to the stage by comic, whilst the cothurnus was ap911. Before the reign of Basilius, there ihad been propriate to tragic actors. When, therefore, one of
several Greek translations of the Pandect, the the characters in Plautus (2Pen. ii. 3. 40) says,
Code, and the Institutes; but there was no autho- QuZ exterentur bxae? we may suppose him to
rised Greek version of them. The numerous Con- point to the sandals on his feet. Philosophers also
stitutions of Justinian's successors, and the contra- wore sandals of this description, at least in the
dictory interpretations of the jurists, were a further time of Tertullian (De Pallio, 4) and Appuleius
reason for publishing a revised Greek text under (Met. ii. and xi.), and probably for the sake of simthe imperial authority. This great work was plicity and cheapness. Isidore adds, that baxeae
ralled'AvaicdOapo-Ls Tr& 7'raatuiv YOioUWY, Tob Er/- were made of willow (ex salice), and that they
_0KovrTigLXLoro, h leBao'rIcds (detuos) and r'a BatXcrK. were also called calones; and he thinks that the
It was revised by the order of Constantinus Por- latter term was derived from the Greek KaXov,
phyrogenneta, about A.D. 945. The Basilica com- wood. From numerous specimens of them disprised the Institutes, Pandect, Code, the Novellae, covered in the catacombs, we perceive that the
and the imperial Constitutions subsequent to the Egyptians made them of palm-leaves and papyrus.
time of Justinian, in sixty books, which are subdi- (Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, vol. iii. p. 336.)
riided into titles.: For the Institutes the paraphrase They are sometimes observable on the feet of
of Th. ophilus was used, for the Digest the rAdrosr Egyptian statues. According to Herodotus, sanof Stephanus, and the commentary of Cyrillus and dals of papyrus (vro8uljaT-a 3bvArva, ii. 37) were
of an anonymous author, for the Code the sara a part of the required and characteristic dress of
7idRas of Thalelaeus and the work of Theodorus, the Egyptian priests. We may presume that he
and for the Novellae, except the 168, the Summae intended his words to include not only sandals
of Theodorus, Athanasius, and Philoxenus. The made, strictly speaking, of papyrus, but those also
publication of this authorised body of law in the in which the leaves of the date-palm were an inGreek language led to the gradual disuse of the gredient, and of which Appuleius makes distinct
original compilations of Justinian in the East. But mention, when he describes a young priest covered
the Roman law was thus more firmly established with a linen sheet and wearing sandals of palm
in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, where it (linteis amiculis inztectum, pedesque pealmeis baxeis
has maintained itself among the Greek population indutucm, Met. ii). The accompanying woodcut
to the present day. shows two sandals exactly answering to this deThe arrangement of the matter in the Basilica scription, from the collection in the British Museum.
is as follows: - All the matter relating to a given The upper one was worn on the right foot. It has
subject is selected from the Corpus Juris; the a loop on the right side for fastening the band
extracts from the Pandect are placed first under which went across the instep. This band, together
each title, then the constitutions of the Code, and with the ligature connected with it, which was innext in order the provisions contained in the Insti- serted between the great and the second toe, is
tutes and the Novellae, which confirm or complete made of the stein of the papyrus, undivided and
the provision of the Pandect. The Basilica does unwrought. The lower figulre shows a sandal in: