Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

BALNEAE. BALNAE. 195
ace the best preserved amongst those remaining, its appurtenances seem to be adapted, and which
and which were perhaps more splendid than all are also contiguous to the reservoirs, Z, Z. (Vitruv.
the rest. Those apartments, of which the use v. 11.)
is ascertained with the appearance of probability, e, E, probably comprised the ep7ebia, or places
are alone marked and explained. The dark parts where the youth were taught their exercises, with
represent the remains still visible, the open lines the appurtenances belonging to them, such as the
are restorations. sphaeristeriumn and corycaezum. The first of these
A, Portico fronting the street made by Caracalla takes its name from the game at ball, so much in
when he constructed his thermae. - B, Separate favour with the Romans, at which Martial's friend
bathing-rooms, either for the use of the common was playing when the bell sounded to announce
people, or perhaps for any persons who did not that the water was ready. (Mart. xiv. 163.) The
wish to bathe in public. - C, Apodyteria attached latter is derived from K&pKOs, a sack (Hesych.
to them. —D, D, and E, E, the porticoes. (Vitruv. s. v.), which was filled with bran and olive husks
v. 1 1.)-F, F, Exedrae, in which there were seats for the young, and sand for the more robust, and
for the philosophers to hold their conversations. then suspended at a certain height, and swung
(Vitruv. 1. c.; Cic. De Orat. ii. 5.)-G, Hypae- backwards and forwards by the players. (Aulis,
thrae, passages open to the air - fypaethrae am- De Gym.n. Const. p. 9; Antill. ap. Oribas. Coll.
bmlationes quas Graeci 7replapoluras, nostri xystos Med. 6.)
appellant. (Vitruv. 1. c.) - H, H, Stadia in the The chambers also on the other side, which are
palaestra - quadrata save oblonga. (Vitruv. 1. a.) not marked, probably served for the exercises of
- I, I, Possibly schools or academies where public the palaestra in bad weather. (Vitruv. v. 11.)
lectures were delivered.- J, J, and K, K, Rooms These baths contained an upper story, of which
appropriated to the servants of the baths (balnea- nothing remains beyond what is just sufficient to
tores). In the latter are staircases for ascending indicate the fact. They have been mentioned and
to the principal reservoir. - L, Space occupied by eulogized by several of the Latin authors. (Sparwalks and shrubberies- ambulationes inter pla- tian. Caracall. c. 9; Lamprid. Helioyab. c. 17,
tanones. (Vitruv. 1. c.) —M, The arena or stadium Alex. Sever. c. 25; Eutropius, viii. 11; Olymp.
in which the youth performed their exercises, with apud Phiot. p. 114, ed. Aug. Vindel. 1601.)
seats for the spectators (Vitruv. 1. c.), called the It will be observed that there is no part of the
theatridiumn. — N, N, Reservoirs, with upper stories, bathing department separated from the rest, which
sectional elevations of which are given in the two could be assigned for the use of the women exsubsequent woodcuts.- 0, Aqueduct which sup- clusively. From this it must be inferred either
plied the baths. - P, The cistern or piscina. This that both sexes always bathed together promisciuexternal range of buildings occupies one mile in ously in the thermae, or that the women were
circuit. excluded altogether from these establishments, and
We now come to the arrangement of the interior, only admitted to the baineae.
for which it is very difficult to assign satisfactory It remains to explain the manner in which the
destinations. -Q, represents the principal entrances, immense body of water required for the supply of
of which there were eight. —R, the nctatio, piscina, a set of baths in the thermanse was heated, which
or cold-water bath, to which the direct entrance has been performed very satisfactorily by Piranesi
from the portico is by a vestibule on either side and Cameron, as may be seen by a reference to the
marked S, and which is surrounded by a set of two subjoined sections of the castellum aquaeductus
chambers which served most probably as rooms for and piscina belonging to the Thermae of Caracalla.
undressing (apodyteria), anointing (unctuaria), and
stations for the capsarii. Those nearest to the B
peristyle were perhaps the conisteria, where the
powder was kept which the wrestlers used in order
to obtain a firmer grasp upon their adversaries: —
"I' lle cavis hausto spargit me pulvere palmis, A
Inque vicee fulvae tacti flavescit arenae."
(Ovid, 2Met. ix. 35.)
(See also Salmas. Ad Testall. Pall. p. 217, and
Mercurialis, De Art. Gyne. i. 8.) The inferior
quality of the ornaments which these apartments r.
have had, and the staircases in two of them, afford
evidence that they were occupied by menials,
T, is considered to be the tepidargizum, with four
warm baths (u, u, u, u) taken out of its four angles,
and two labra on its two flanks, There are steps
for descending into the baths, in one of which
traces of the conduit aie still manifest. Thus it
would appear that the centre part of this apartment
served as a tepidarium, having a balnzeunm or calda
lavatio in four of its corners. The centre part, like._p s
that also of the preceding apartment, is supported - _
by eight immense columns.
The apartments beyond this, which are too much A, Arches of the aquaeduct which conveyed
dilapidated to be restored with any degree of cer- the water into the piscina BJ from whence it
tainty, contained of course the laconicum and flowed into the upper range of cells through the
sudatories, for which the round chamber W, and aperture at C, and thence again descended into
o 2