Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

190 BALNEAE. B3ALNEAE,
construction, and the use of the simple Doric c uncariumn, elaeot/esium),the proper place for which
order, undoubtedly belong. The bath itself; into is represented by Lucian (I. c;) as adjoining to the
tepidaritot n, and by Pliny (Ep. ii. 17) as adjoining
to the hypocaust; and for which purpose some of
the niches between the Telazmones seem to be peculiarly adapted. In the larger establishments a
separate chamber was allotted to these purposes,
as may be seen by referring to the drawing taken
from the Thermae of Titus; but as there is no
other spot within the circuit of the Pompeian baths
which could be applied in the same manner, we
may safely conclude that the inhabitants of this
A. R. city were anointed in the tepidasriuo; which service was performed by slaves called unctores and
aliptae. [ALIPTAE.] For this purpose the common
which the water still continues to flow from a people used oil, sometimes scented; but the more
neighbouring spring, is placed under the alcove, wealthy classes indulged in the greatest extravaand the two doors on each side opened into small gance with regard to their perfumes and unguents.
chambers, which probably served as apodytesia. These they either procured from the elaeothesium of
It is still to be seen in the gardens of the Villa the baths, or brought with them in small glass
Caposeli, at Mola di Gaeta, the site of the ancient bottles ampeullae oleariace; hundreds of which have
Formiae. been discovered in different excavations made in
In the cold bath of Pompeii the water ran into various parts of Italy. [AMPULLA.] The fifth
the basin through a spout of bronze, and was book of Athenaeus contains an ample treatise upon
carried off again through a conduit on the opposite the numerous kinds of ointments used by the
side. It was also furnished with a waste-pipe Romans; which subject is also fully treated by
under the margin to prevent it from running over. Pliny (H. N. xiii.).
No. 11 is a small chamber on the opposite side of Caligula is mentioned by Suetonius (Cal. 37) as
the f'rigidariium, which might have served for having invented a new luxury in the use of the
shaving (tonstrina), or for keeping unguents or bath, by perfuming the water, whether hot or cold,
strigiles; and from the side of theftsigidarium, the by an infusion of precious odours, or as Pliny states
bather, who intended to go through the process of (I. c.), by anointing the walls with valuable unwarm bathing and sudation, entered into (12) the guents; a practice, he adds, which was adopted by
tepidarimuem. one of the slaves of Nero, that the luxury might
This chamber did not contain water either at not be confined to royalty (ne principals videatsur
Pompeii or at the baths of Hippias, but was merely hoc bonutn).
heated with warm air of an agreeable temperature From this apartment, a door, which closed by its
in order to prepare the body for the great heat of own weight, to prevent the admission of the cooler
the vapour and warm baths, and, upon returning, air, opened into No. 13, the thermal chamber or
to obviate the danger of a too sudden transition to concamerata sudatio of Vitruvius (v. 11); and
the open air. Inthe baths at Pompeii this chamber which, in exact conformity with his directions,
served likewise as an apodyteriuma for those who contains the warm bath-balneum, or calda lavatio
took the warm bath; for which purpose the fit- (Vitruv. 1. c.), at one of its extremities; and the
tings up are evidently adapted, the walls being di- semicircular vapour-bath, or Laconicumn at the
vided into a number of separate compartments or other; whilst the centre space between the two
recesses for receiving the garments when taken off, ends, termed sudatio by Vitruvius (I. c.), and sudaby a series of figures of the kind called Atlantes or toriue7 by Seneca, is exactly twice the length of its
Telamones, which project from the walls, and sup- width, according to the directions of Vitruvius.
port a rich cornice above them. One of these di- The object in leaving so much space between the
visions, with the Telamnones, is represented in the warm bath and the Laconicunm was to give room
article ATLANTES. Two bronze benches were also for the gymnastic exercises of the persons within
found in the room, which was heated as well by the chamber, who were accustomed to promote a
its contiguity to the hypocaust of the adjoining full flow of perspiration by rapid movements of the
chamber, as by a brazier of bronze (foculus), in arms and legs, or by lifting weights. (Juv. Sat. vi.
which the charcoal ashes were still remaining 420.) In larger establishments the conveniences
when the excavation was made. A representation contained in this apartment occupied two separate
of it is given in the annexed woodcut. Its whole cells, one of which was appropriated to the warm
length was seven feet, and its breadth two feet six bath, which apartment was then termed caldariznm,
inches. cella caldaria, or balneum, and the other comprised
Ini addition to this service there can be little the Laconicum and sudatory -laconicuzm sudadoubt that this apartment was used as a depository tionesque (Vitruv. 1. c.), which part alone was then
for unguents and a room for anointing (Xes7rrljp~Lv, designated under the name of concaanerta s.dcatio.