Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ASTRONOMIA. ASTRONOMIA. 149
(Arat. 674), KvXXe;,anal (597), kercurialis (Ger- thc figure, was termed p tls (Arat. 86), Anytis
man.), Cy/llenia (Cic.) attached to it. (Cic. German.), or Serpens (Cic. Vitruv.),
9. THE SWANi, Opvis, fobeS' sp'rS (Arapt. Serpentem, Graiis Ophtiuchus nomine dictus
273, 275), Ales (Cic.), Volucris, Avis (Vitrux. Dividit, &c. MANIL. i. 338.
ix. 4). The Bird is the name given by Aratns
and Geminus to the constellation termed by Era- and is reckoned as a separate constellation.
tosthenes (c. 25) KIS'os, rendered Cyenzs by 15. THE ARROW,'Oiords (Arat. 311), Td4oo,
Germanicus and Manilius, for which the synonym (Eratosth.), Sagittca (German. Vitruv.), Claroc
Olor is frequently substituted. By mythologists it saeitta, Ealgens saogitti (Cic.), is distinct from the
was regarded as the swan of Leda. arrow fitted to the bow of Sagittarius, the archer,
10. CASSIOPEIA, KaroeLs7rELa (Arat. 189), Cas- in the zodiac. Hence Aratus, after describing the
siepeia (Cic. German. Manil. i. 361), Cassiopea latter, adds
(Vitruv.). For the myth regarding her, see Hygin. EOTL BEi 715 6 rCAXOS lovS'S
P.A. ii. 10; comp. Arat. 654; Manil. V. 504; AuvbY &nep ry rou.
Propert. i. 17. 3; Columell. xi. 2. ~ 78.
11. PERSEUS, frepsrEvs (Arat. 248), Perseus (Comp. Cic. 325; German. 683; ManiT. i..349.)
(Cic. German. Vitruv. Manil. i. 357, 365), was 16. THE EAGLE,'AeTr- ('wrds, Arat. 315),
pictured as bearing in one ihand a crooked sword lquZila (Cic. Vitrulv.), or, in poetical circumlocu(ap7rr/, falx), and in the other the head of the tion, Jovis arsmiiger (German. Avien.), Jovis ales
Gorgon Medusa, ropyov',e, (Gemin. Ptolem.), Gor- (German. Ianil. i. 350), Ar-nzidger ncis znguilbus
yoanecn CapGt (Vitruv. ix. 3), G'orgonis orC (Manil. ales (German.), Prnepes adnncc, Joris (Ov. Fast.
i. 366), Carput Gorgonis. (Hygin. P. A. iii. 11). vi. 196). The principal star is named specially
12. THE CHARIOTEER,'HvOXIos (Arat. 156), &erds by Ptolemy; burt from the circumstance of
I`enioclzes (Manil. i. 369), Azrqiga (Cie. German. his placing it amnong those of the second magnitude,
Vitruv.), Aurigator (Avien.), was, according to it has been conjectured that it was less bright in
one legend (Germlan.), EricthoniCs, his day than at present.
Quem primum cursn volitantem Jupiter alto ANTINOUS. Ptolemy, wbhen noticing the stars
Quadrijugis conspexit eaquis t NJu. p i. 370. around the Eagle not properly includled within the
Quadrijugis conspexit equis. MANIL. i. 370..
limits of the constellation, remarks, Eip',v 5
According to another (Germ:an. ibid.) A5fyrtilts tlhe'Avi'yoos, which corroborates the statement of
charioteer of Oenomaus, who betrayed his master Dion Cassius, that Hadrian assigned a star to his
to Pelops. (Hygin. Fab. 84.) favourite. Antinous, as a separate constellation,
The brightest star in this constellation (a') was was first introduced by Tycho Brahe.
termed Al'~ (Arat. 157) by the Greeks, who 17. THE DOLPHIN, AEApfs (Arrat. 313), s.
pictured a goat supported upon the upper part of tie AeX01[v, Delplsints (Cic. German. Vitruv. Manll.
left arm of the figtua, and by the Romans Capella i. 353), Del2)zhis (German.) was regarded by
(Ovid. Manil. Plin.) or Cap)ra (Cic. Vitruv. Hor. mythologists as the dolphin which bore Arion.
German. Columel.). The epithet'lXEYI, in Aratns 18. TIIE LITTLE HORSE,'hIrrov 7rpoorop, lite(164), according to the explanation of his Scholiast, rally, tlhefbre pqas tes of a horse, was unknown to
was applied because the af' rested 7rri rijs c;'XE'IS Aratus and Eratosthenes; but appears from the
roD'HrdoXov, andl hence Olenic, Ole01ein 2eClts, words of Geminns to have been introduced by
Oienizn asts r'17i. Its heliacal rising took place HIipparchus. It is not noticed by Vitruvius nor
soon before the winter solstice, and thus it was by lManilius.
termed sigcznm ph2tvicale, whiile the legends de- 19. PEGASUrs, I7rr7ros (Arat. 205), Ezquus (Cic,
clared that this was the very goat Amnaltheia who Vitrnuv. MIanil. i. 355), Sonipes, So2sipes ales
nursed Jupiter upon M~Iount Ida. Both of these (Germlan.). The legends having declared that this
points are touched upon in the couplet of Ovid: was the steed of Bellerophon, the name Pegasus
Nascitni Olenice sig~nulm plu vinle Cpellae (German. 305) as employed as early as Eratosthenes to distinguish the constellations, but Aratus
speaks of it simply as the /horse. (Ovr. ast. iii.
The two stars (g', 71') placed by Aratus (166) 450.) The figure was supposed to represent the
and Ptolemy on the wrist of Auriga were fore quarters onll.
TI-IE KIDS, "Epitpo (Arat. 158), Hoeli (Cic. 20 ANDPOrALEDA,'A, PpolCi (Arat. 197),
Vitruv. Manil. i. 372), and are said to have been A'dioiaoedar s. And-'onzede (Cic. German. Vitruv.
first named by Cleostratus of Tenedos about ni c. BlManil. i. 357, 363). Andromeda was the daugh-.500 (Hygin. P. A. ii. 13). They, as well as ter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, and hence the conCapella, are spoken of as lieralds of the storm. stellation is termed ~pehsaeis by Manilius and
(Manil. i. 372; Virg. Ceorg. i. 205, Aen. ix. 663; Germanicus (i. 443), while in consequence of her
Hor. Ccar. s. iii. 1. 28.) The star which marks the deliverance from the sea monster by Perseus we
northern horn-tip of the Bull was, according to find Persea in the scholiast on Germanicus.
Vitruvius (ix. 3), called Ausrigae 2ianus, since he 21. THIE TRIANGLE, AZsXwTjd, (Arat. 235;
was supposed to hold it in his hand. Cic.), Deltottni (German. Manil i. 360), the Tpi13. THE SEarEsT HOLaDER,'OitovXos (Arat. Iywvov of Ptolemy, and hence Vitruv. ix. 3, "In75), Ophiucus (German. Vitruv.), Anzuitenens super Arietis signum facientes stellae sutnt trigonua
(Cic. Manil. v. 384), Angcui/er (Columel. xi. 2. paribls lateribus."
~ 49), Serpentarius (Schol. German.), was commnonly regarded by. mythical writers and poets as Signs of the Zodiac.
Aesculapius (Eratosth. c. 6; Ov. Fast. vi. 735), and 1. THE RaiI, KpOds (Arat. 225), A-ies (Cic,
by some as Hercules, not to mention other more German. Vitruv. lMIanil. i. 263), Laniger (Ger,
obscure legends. (Hygin. P. A. ii. 14, iii. 13.) man. 699; Mani. ii. 546). This was the very
14. THE SNAKRE, grasped by. and slrroultding golden-fleeced ram which bore away Phsrxas and
I, 3