Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

144 ASTROLOGIA. ASTROLOGIA.
in the Ionic base rSPIRA]. III the orders subse- tihe destiny of the child might be predicted with
quent to the Ionic, - the Corinthian, Roman certainty by those who were skilled to interpret
Doric, and Composite, —the astragal was very the language of the stars, and that the result of
any undertaking might be foretold from the aspect
of the firmament when it was commenced. Hence
~'K1 a numnerous and powerful class of men arose who
were distinguished by various designations. From
the country where astronomy was first studied, and
their science was first developed, they were called
Chaldaei or Babylonii; firom observing the stars,
astronomi, astrologi, planetarii; from employing
diagrams such as were used by geometricians, maal llI I ~ jltlsemizatici; from determining the lot of man at his
natal hour, genethliaci; from prophesying the consummation of his struggles, a&7rOTEyaEOLLtLa'coL
while their art was known as a&spoXo7ya, geTEwCpokoiyfa, yeveOAtakoTya, a&roTekXe/aha LK L, AIts
~4~{;.T~~ ~ l.....:~-9 C/~aldaeorll.M., A Iatlhesis, or, from the tables they
coisuted, 9 Hvi.A.S Their calcllations were..........- -....- termed Babylonii numeri, XaA3aowv rtrFi0oao, XaN- t'q, r'pWpisEs, Ratiomnes C/laldaicae; their refreely used. The rules for the use of the moulding sponses when consulted C/daldaeoruim 7mo0ilta,
are given by Vitruvius (iii. 5. ~ 3, iv. 6. ~~ 2, 3. Chaldleorsum natalicia praedicta, Astrologoru7n1
Schniid.). Numnerous fine examples of it will be praedicta.
found in the plates of Mauch (Die Griechtisclen und The stars and constellations to which attention
Roomisclmen Bau-Ordnunqei, Potsdam, 1845.) [P.S.] was chiefly directed were the planets and the
ASTRATEIAS GRAPHE/ (or'pareias signs of the zodiac, some of which were supposed
yp %ptl), was the accusation instituted against per- to exert uniformly a benign ilfluence (&-yaOsrotol
sons who failed to appear among the troops after they aosq epes), such as Venus, Jupiter, Luna, Virgo,
had been enrolled for the campaign by the generals. Libra, Taurus; others to be unifiorlmly malign
(Lys. in Ale. pp. 521, 571.) We may presume that (caccorotoi a'orEpes), such as Saturnus, Mlears,
the accuser in this, as in the similar action for leaving Scorpio, Capricornus; others to be doubtfull (irithe ranks (XEnroraeLov), was any citizen that chose cKOyOs &od-pTP s), such as Ml'ercurils. By the collnto come forward (6 3ovXdoes'aos, ots T2EoTLr), and that bination and conjunction (rve3po,ue, constellftio).
the court was composed of soldiers who had served or opposition, however, of those benign with those
in the campaign. The presidency of the court, ac- ni malign, the power of the latter might be neucording to Meier, belonged to the generals. The tralised or even reversed, and a most happy
defendant, if convicted, incurred disfranchisement horoscope be produced, as in the case of Augustus
-- trtia, both in his own person and that of his who was born under Capricornus (Suet. Amj. 94),:
descendants, and there were very stringent laws to and hence that figure frequently appears on his
punish them if they appeared at the public sacrt, n medals. For the sake of expediting calculations,
to which even women and slaves were admitted. the risings, settings, movements, and relative posi(Andoc. de Myst. p. 35; Aesch. in Ctes. p. 59; tions (ortzs, occasus, monots, vice, discessiones,
Deem. in Tinzocr. p. 732; Meier, Att. Process, coetus, convesltus, concursiones, circ2uitus, traesites,
p. 363, &c.) [J. S. M.] habitus,.brin), positura, positus sidelrum et spctia)
ASTROLO'( IA. This word is occasionally were carefully registered in tables (7rlivares,
employed by the best Latin writers (e. g. Cic. de e'qtrlupi13es). In so far as the planets were conDivin. ii. 42.) to denote astronomy in general, and cerned, it was of especial importance to note
indeed is found in that sense more frequently than through what sign of the zodiac they happened to
astronom07 ia, which is of rare occurrence. In the be passing, since each planet had a peculiar sign,
present article, however, we confine ourselves to called the domusms or house of the planet, during
what is strictly termed judicial astrology, and its sojourn in which it possessed superior power.:
treat of astronomy under ASTRONOMIuA. Thus Libra, Capricornus, and Scorpio were reAt a period far beyond the records of authentic spectively-the houses of Venus, Saturn, and Mars.
history a belief arose, which still prevails un- The exact period of birth (lora.eenitllis) being
shaken in the East, that a mysterious but close the critical moment, the computations bounded
connection subsisted between the relative position upon it were styled y&eo-Es (gsenitura), &spoac(roros
and movements of the heavenly bodies and the (horoscopus), or simply Eip. a, and the star or
fate of man. In process of time it was maintained stars in the ascendant sidus nataltiuzm, sidera azathat the fortunes of each individual throughout talitia.
life depended upon the aspect of the sky at the Astrologers seem to have found their way to
moment of his birch, and especially upon the star Italy even before a free communication was opened
which was rising above the horizon at the instant up with the East by the Roman conquests in
when he saw the light, and upon those which Greece and Asia, since they are mentioned colnwere in its immediate vicinity (conzjunctae), or re- temptuously by Ennius. (ap. Cic. De Div. i. 58.)
moved from it by a sixth, a fourth, or a third part About a century later the government seem to have
of a great circle of the sphere, or, finally, upon become sensible of the inconvenience and danger
those which were at the opposite extremity of the likely to arise from the presence of such impostors,
same diameter (oppositae). Few doubted that by for in B.C. 139 ani edict was promulgated by C.
observation and deep study persons might acquire Cornelius Hispallus, at that time praetor, by which
the power of expounding these appearances, that the Chlaldaeans were banished from the city, and