Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

126 ARCUS. AREIOPAGUS.
specimens of Roman sculpture. This arch has
only a single opening, with two columns of the
Roman or composite order on each side of it. 3.
Arcus Septiazii Severi, which was erected by the
senate (A. D. 203) at the end of the Via Sacra,
in honour of that emperor and his two sons,
Caracalla and Geta, on account of his victories
over the Parthians and Arabians. 4. Arcus Gallieni, erected to the honour of Gallienus by a private individual, M. Aurelius Victor. 5. Arcus
Constantini, which is larger and more profusely
ornamented than the Arch of Titus. It was
erected by the senate in honour of Constantine, jX
after his victory over iMaxentius. It consists of
three arches, with columns against each front, and -
statues on the entablatures over them, which, with
the other sculptured ornaments, originally de-, Wen not used, the bow was pnt into a case
corated the arch of Trajan. [P. S.] (TO6ir1c7,'y YoPTds, CGorytus), which was made of
ARCUS (I3tds, rT6ov), the bow used for shoot- leather, and sometimes ornamented (qmaerods, Hom.
ing arrows, is one of the most ancient of all wea- Od. xxi. 54). The bow-case is very conspicuous
poens, but is characteristic of Asia rather than of in the sculptured bas-reliefs of Persepolis. It
Europe. Thus in the description given by Hero- frequently held the arrows as well as the bow,
dotu (vii. 61-80) of the various nations corm- and on this account is often confounded with the
posing the army of Xerxes, we observe that nearly Phacetrca or quiver. Though its use was comall the troops without exception used the bow. paratively rare among the Greeks and Romans
The Scythians and Parthians were the most cele- we find it exhibited in a bas-relief in the MIuseo
brated archers in the East, and among the Greeks Pio-Clementino (vol, iv. tav. 43), which is copied
the Cretans, who frequently served as a separate il the annexed cut.
corps in the Greek armies, and subsequently also
among the auxiliary troops of the Romans. (Comp.
Xen. Anab. i. 2. ~ 9; Liv. xlii. 35.)
The form of the Scythian and Parthian bow
differed from that of the Greeks. The former was
in the shape of a half-moon, and is shown in the
upper of the two figures here exhibited, which is
taken from one of Sir W. Hamilton's fictile vases.
(Comp. Amm. Marc. xxii. 8.) The Greek bow, on
the other hand, the usual form of which is shown //
in the lower of the preceding figures, has a double ARDA'LION (&pMdaxov). [FUNus.]
curvature,'consisting of two circular portions united A'REA. [AGRICULTURA, p. 44.]
in the middle (ryuyvs). According to the descrip- AREIO'PAGUS. The Areiopagus (6:ApeLos
tion in Homer (I1. iv. 105-126), the bow was arcyos, or hill of Ares), at Athens, was:a rocky
made of two pieces of horn, hence frequently called eminence, lying to the west of, and not far from the
tepas and cornu. The bow-string (v'evpc) was Acropolis. To account for the name, various stories
twisted, and was frequently made of thongs of were told. Thus, some said that it was so called from
leather (seupa Bdeia). It was always fastened to theAnlazons, the daughters ofAres, havingencamped
one end of the bow, and at the other end there there when they attacked Athens; others again, as
hung a ring or hook (tcopczV), usually made of Aeschylus, from the sacrifices there offered by them
metal (XpvrmEd), to which the string was attached, to that god; while the more received opinion conwhen the bow was to be used. In the same pas- nected the name with the legend of Ares having
sage of Homer we have a description of a man been brought to trial there by Poseidon, for the
preparing to shoot, and this account is illustrated murder of his son Halirrhotius. (Dem. c. Aristocr.
by the following outline of a statue belonging to p. 642; Aeschyl. Ezur. 659.) To none, however
the group of the Aeginetan marbles. The bow, of these legends did the place owe its fame, but
placed in the hands of this statue, was probably rather to the council ('H ei''Apefo/ mrd-yw jovxA),
of bronze, and has been lost. which held its sittings there, and was sometimes