Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARATEIA. ARATRJUM. 117
was placed (Vitruv. iv. 9). Of this we have an every year: the one on the day on which he
example in a medallion on the Arch of Constantine delivered his native town from tyranny, which
at Rome, representing an altar erected before a is the fifth of the month of Daisius, the same
statue of Apollo. See the annexed cut. which the Athenians call Anthesterion; and this
sacrifice they call oow7'rpLa. The other they celebrate in the month in which they believe that he
was born. On the first, the priest of Zeus offered
the sacrifices; on the second, the priest of Aratus,
wearing a white ribbon with purple spots in the
centre, songs being sung to the lyre by the.;~_x~Y X J>2-fig l... N,.~. Aactors of the stage. The public teacher (yviuvaoiapXos) led his boys and youths in procession,
probably to the heroum of Aratus, followed by the
senators adorned with garlands, after whom came
II t 9 }X those citizens who wished to join the procession.
The Sicyonians still observe, he adds, some parts
9 of the solemnity, but the principal honours have
\// lx l%'~ li l l Albeen abolished by time and other circumstances.
\<X l (lVachsmuth, Helleen.Alterth. vol. ii. p. 528.) [L.S.]
- A ARA'TRUM (ipoepoe), a plough. The
Greeks appear to have had from the earliest
I;[Ntg411'V \ 111 } )times diversities in the fashion of their ploughs.
Hesiod (Op. et Dies, 432) advises the farmer to
Ah have always two ploughs, so that if one broke the
other might be ready for use; and they were to be
of two kinds, the one called av'Tuvov, because in it
the plough-tail (?y6rs, busis, bura) was of the same
4 a/ X~i2 W illE /}1 1<;01 12\u1 %tpiece of timber with the share-beam (EAvua, dens,
dentale) and the pole (pbl$os, ioGo6oE6s, temo); and
the other called n7rj'cdv, i. e. compacted, because in
it the three above-mentioned parts, which were
moreover to be of three different kinds of timber,
were adjusted to one another, and fastened toIt was necessary that an altar should be built gether by means of nails (-yd(PowLv). (Comp.
in the open air, in order that the steam of the Homrn. II. x. 353, xiii. 703.)
sacrifice might'be wafted up to heaven, and it The method of forming a plough of the former
might be built in any place, as on the side of a kind was by taking a young tree with two branches
mountain, on the shore of the sea, or in a sacred proceeding from its trunk in opposite directions, so
grove. But as the worship of the gods was in that whilst in ploughing the tbrnk was made to
later tinles chiefly connected with temples, altars serve for the pole, one of the two branches stood
became an indispensable part of the latter, and upwards and became the tail, and the other penethough there could be altars without temples, there trated the grouncl, and, being covered sometimes
could hardly be temples without altars. The altars with bronze or iron, fulfilled the purpose of a share.
of burnt-offerings, at which animal sacrifices were This form is exhibited in the uppermost figure of
presented, were erected before the temples (P3owlol the annexed woodcut, taken from a medal. The
srpovdom, Aesch. Suppl. 497), as shown in the woodclcut in the article ANTAE; but there were also
altars, on which incense was bMurnt and bloodless
sacrifices offered, within the temple, and principally
before the statue of the divinity to whom they were U
dedicated. All altars were places of refuge. The
supplicants were considered as placing themselves
under the protection of the deities to whom the
altars were consecrated; and violence to the unfortunate, even to slaves and criminals, in such circumstances, was regarded as violence towards the
deities themselves. It was also the practice among
the Greeks to take solemn oaths at altars, either
taking hold of the altar or of the statue of the god.,
Cicero (pro Balb. 5) expressly mentions this as a
Greek practice. (Comp. IK. F. IIermann, Gottesdienst. Alter/th. d. Grieclen, ~ 17, and ~ 22. n. 9.)
ARAEOSTYLOS. [TEAPLU1e.]
ARATEIA (cipdrela), two sacrifices offered
every year at Sicyon in honour of Aratus, the
general of the Achaeans, who after his death was next figure shows the plough still used in Mysia,
honouredby his countrymen as a hero,inconsequence as described and delineated by Sir C. Fellows. It
of the comumand of an oracle. (Paus. ii. 9. ~ 4.) is a little more complicated than the first plough,
The full account of the two festive days is pre- inasmuch as it consists of two pieces of timber in
served in Plutarch's Life of Aratus (c. 53). The stead of one, a handle (X&,7?,, stiva) being inserted
Sicyonians, says he, offer to Aratus two sacrifices: into the larger piece at one side of it. SirC. Fellows