Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

110 AQUAEDUCTUS. AQUAEDUCTUS.
Its length was 11,190 passus, for 11,130 of which length was 61,710 passuts, of which only 7463
it was carried under the earth, and for the remaining were above ground; namely, 528 on solid sub60 passus, within the city, from the Porta Capena structions, and 6935 on arches. It was high
to the Porta Trigenzina, it was on arches. The enough to supply water to the summit of the
distribution of its water began from the Clivus Capitoline Mount. It ivas repaired by Agrippa
Publicius. (Frontin. 5; Liv. ix. 29; Diod. xx. 36; in his aedileship, B.c. 33 (see below, No. 5.), and
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illust. 34, who confounds it with the volume of its water was increased by Authe Anio.) No traces of it remain. gustus, by means of the water of a spring 800
2. The Anio Vetus was commenced forty years passus from it: the short aqueduct which conlater, aI. c. 273, by the censor M. Curius Dentatus, veyed this water ivas called the Aqua Ai gusta,
ald was finished by M. Fulvius Flaccus. The ex- but is never enumerated as a distinct aqueduct.
pense was defrayed out of the spoils taken from Pliny states that the water of the Aqua Ifarecia
Pyrrhus. The water was derived from the river was the coldest and most wholesome of all which
Ansio, above Tibur, at a distance of twenty Roman was brought to Rome; and Vitruvius and other
miles from the city; but, on account of its wind- writers refer to the excellence of the water as being
ings, its actual length was forty-three miles, of proverbial. Several arches of the Aqua Marcia
which length less than a quarter of a mile only are still standing. (Frontin. 12; Plin. II.N. xxxi.
(namely, 221 passus) was above the ground. 3. s. 24, who differs from Frontinus in some of the
There are considerable remains of this aqueduct on details; Strab. v. p. 240; Vitruv. viii. 3. ~ l;
the Aurelian wall, near the Porta Maggdiore, and Dion Cass. xlix. 42; Plut. Coriol. 1; Propert. iii.
also in the neighbourhood of Tivoli. It was built 22, 24; Martial. vi. 42. 16; Stat. Silv. i. 5,
of blocks of peperino stone, and the water-course 25.)
was lined with a thick coating of cement. (Front. 6; 4. The Aqua Tepula, which was built by the
Aur. Vict. VTr. Ill. 43.) censors Cu. Servilius Caepio and L. Cassius Lon3. The Aquta Mgarcia, one of the most importalet ginus in B. C. 127, began at a spot in the Lucullan
of the whole, was built by the praetor Q. Marcits or Tusculan land, two miles to the right of the
Rex, by command of the senate, in B. C. 144. tenth milestone on the /ia Lantina. It was afterThe want of a more plentiful supply of water had wards connected with
been long felt, especially as that furnished by the 5. The Aqua Julia. Among the splendid public
Alnio Vetus was of such bad quality as to be al- works executed by Agrippa in his aedileship;.
most unfit for drinking; and, in J. c. 179, the B. C. 33, was the formation of a new aqueduct, and.
censors, M. Aemilins Lepidus and M. Flaccus the restoration of all the old ones. From a source
Nobilior, had proposed the erection of a new two miles to the right of the twelfth milestone of
aqueduct; but the scheme had been defeated, in the Vice Latina, he constructed his aqueduct (the
consequence of Licinitis Crassus refusing to let it Aqua Julia) first to the Aqua Tepgula, in which
be carried through his lands. (Liv. xl. 51.) The it was merged as far as the reservoir (piscina)
two existing aqueducts had also fallen into decay on the Via Latisna, seven miles fi'om Rome.
by neglect, and had been much ilnjured by private From this reservoir the water was carried along
persons drawing off the water at different parts of two distinct channels, on the same substructions
their coilrse. The senate therefore commissioned (which were probably the original substructions
the praetor Marcius to repair the old aqueducts, of the Aqua Telula, newly restored), the lower
and to build a third, which was named after him. channel being called the Aqua Tezula, and the
Some writers have pretended that the original upper the Aqua Julia; and this double aqueduct
construction of this aqueduct is to be ascribed to again was united with the Aqua ciMarcia, over the
Ancus Mareius, alleging a passage of Pliny (II.N. watercourse of which the other two were carried.
xxxi. 3. s. 2i), and a medal of the Marcian gens, The monument erected at the junction of these
family Philippus, which bears on the obverse a three aqueducts, is still to be seen close to the
head with the legend ANcvs, and on the reverse Porta S. Lorenzo. It bears an inscription referring
a representation of an aqueduct, with the letters to the repairs under Caracalla. (See the woodcut
AQVAMS between the arches, supporting an below, p. 112.) The whole course of the A qua
equestrian statue with the legend PHILLIPP vs: Julia, from its source, amounted to 15,426 passus,
but those who know any thing of the history of partly on massive substructions, and partly on
Roman family records will understand that this arches. (Frontin. 8, 9, 19.)
medal bears no evidence to the point in question, 6. The Aqua Viryo was built by Agrippa, to
and is simply a perpetuation of two of the greatest supply his baths. From a source in a marshy
distinctions of the Marcia enas, their alleged de- spot by the eighth milestone on the Via Collativa,
scent from Ancus, and the aqueduct which bore it was conducted by a very circuitous route, chiefly
their name; and Pliny's opinionI is simply one of under the ground, to the 3il. Pincius, whence it
his ludicrous blunders, arising probably from his was carried on arches to the CG172pus Mar'tius. Its
confounding Marcius Rex with the king Ancus length was 14,105 passus, of which ]2,1865 were
Marcius. (Eckhel, Doctr. Niun. Vet. vol. v. p. 248.) underground; in its subterranean course it received the water of numerous springs; and its
-o t;4vg o: } A d s RO~~10I awater was as highly esteemed for bathing as that
of the Aqcua 111arcia was for drillking. It is one
It)Sg/g % _ _ --, of the two aqueducts on the left bank of the Tiber,
-X{(Zt t i _ g which are still in use, though on a much-diminished
/V 3 I i1 scale. (See below.) The origin of its namne is
variously explained. (Frontin. 10; Dion Cass. liv.
11; Plin.:I. N. xxxi. 3. s. 25; Cassiod. Vcr.
This aqueduct commenced at the side of the vii. 6; Ovid, Trist. iii. 12. 22; Martial. v. 20. 9,
TVia Valeria, thirty-six miles from Rome; its vi. 42. 18, xi. 47. 6.)