Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

VINTUAI VINUM. 1207
of poetry. " T'h2nm onr eTe dc/e'mimnts odortiZm," the grapes were gathered during weather of a difsays Pliny (II. NA xiv. 11), and the ancients ap- ferent description, it was rough and tawny or
pear to have been filly sensible tlhat sweet wines amber-coloured (Km3po's). The ordinary appearcould not be swallowed either with pleasure or antce of Falernian, which has been made a theme
safety, except in small quantities. The mistake of considerable discussion, seems to be determined
has arisen from not perceiving that the expressions by a passage in Pliny (H. AN xxxvii. 12), in which
oevos'yAvKds and odvos ibu's are by no means le- we are informed that the finest amber was named
cessarily synonymous. The formler signifies wine Fe/lerna. Others arranged the varieties differpositively sweet, the latter wine agreeable to the ently; that which grew upon the hill tops they
taste from the absence of acidity, in most cases in- called.C6timcinlinn, that on the middle slopes Fans
dicating nothing more than sounmd wine. tianum, that on the plain Feslernzzm. (Plin. 1. c.
It is well known that all the most noble Italian and xxiii. 21; Athen. i. p. 26, c.; Hor. nZ'em.
wines, with a very few exceptions, were derived i. 20. 10; Prop. iv. 6; Martial, ix. 95; Silius, vii.
from Latium and Camlpania, and for the most part 159.)
grew within a short distance of the sea. " The In the third rank was the Albanznm, from the
whole of these places," says Strabo (v. p. 234), Mons Albanus (Alons Juleus, Mart. xiii. 109), of
when describing this coast, " yield excellent wine; various kinds, very sweet (praedulce), sweetish
among the most celebrated are the Caecuban, the (YAuveoa~,), rough (Plin. xxiii. 21), and sharp
Fundanian, the Setinian, and so also are the Fa- (dnutpcias); it was invigorating (nervis utile), andl
lernian, the Alban, and the Statinian." But the in perfection after being kept for fifteen years.
classification adopted by Pliny (xiv. 6) will prove (Plin. 11. cc.; Mart. xiii. 109; Hor. Sat. ii. 8. 14;
our best guide, and this we shall follow to a. certain Juv. v. 33; Athen. i. p. 26, d.) Here too we place
extent. the Surreeti2171n, from the promontory forming the
In the first rank, then, we must place the Se- sonthernll horn of the bay of Naples, which was
tinszm which fairly deserves the title of Imp)erial, not drinkable until it had been kept for five-andsince it was the chosen beverage of Augustus and twenty years, for being destitute of richness (dAiIllost of his courtiers. It grew upon the hills of 7rs) and very dry (4aoapos), it required a long
Setia, above Forum Appii, looking down upon the time to ripen, but was strongly recommended to.
Pomptine marshes. (Pendula Po1Tptinos quae spec- convalescents, on account of its thinness and wholetst Setia can2pos, Mart. xiii. 112; see also vi. 86, someness. Galen, however, was of opinion that
ix. 3. x. 74, xiii. 112; Juv. v. 34; Silius, viii. it agreed with those only who were accustomed to
378; Plin. H. T 1. cl..) Before the age of Augustus use it constantly; Tiberius was wont to say that
the Caecuzbubm was the most prized of all. It grew the physicians had conspired to dignify what wals
in the poplar swamps bordering on the gulf of only gdenerous vineyar; while his successor, Caligula,
Amyclae, close to Fundi. (Mart. xiii. 115.) In the styled it nobilis vap'1a. (Plin. 11. cc.; Athen. I. c.)
time of Pliny its reputation was entirely gone, Of equal reputation were the Ml4assicuem, from thel
partly in consequence of the carelessness of the hills which formed the boundary between Latiulm
cultivators, and partly from its proper soil, origin- and Campania, although somewhat harsh, as would
ally a very limited space, having been cut up by seem, from the precautions recommended by the
the canal of Nero extending from Baiae to Ostia. epicure in Horace (Sat. ii. 4. 51: compare Calre. i.
Galen (Athen. i. p. 27, a.) represents it as gene- 1. 19, i. 7. 21, iii. 21, Mart. xiii. 111; Silius,
rous, full bodied and heady, not arriving at maturity vii. 207), and the Gaurllanum, from the ridge above
until it had been kept for many years. (Plin. 1. c.; Baiae and Puteoli, produced in small quantity, but
Strabo, v. p. 231; Mart. xiii. 115; Hoer. Carel. i. of very high quality, full bodied (eusroos) and
20. 9, iii. 23. 2, &c.) thick (tra'xs). (Athemn.. c.; Plin. H. N. iii. 5;
The second rank was occupied by the Fcatlenuzm, Flor. iii. 5.) In the same class are to be included
of which the Faustianunz was the most choice va- the Clezznum from Cales, and the Funzcdarnzumz fronl
piety, having gained its character from the care Fundi. Both hlad formerly held a higher place,
and skill exercised in the cultivation of the vines; " but vineyards," moralizes Pliny, "as well as
but when Pliny wrote, it was beginning to fall in states, have their periods of rise, of glory, and or
public estimation, in consequence of the growers fall." The Calenzumis was light (tco5pos), and betbeing more solicitous about quantity than quality, tell for the stomach than Falernian; the ]Fundajust as was the case with Madeira a few years iasuz was full bodied (e{rovos) and nourishing, but
ago. The Falernus agper, concerning the precise apt to attack both stomach and head; therefore
limits of whlich there have been many controver- little sought after at banquets. (Strabo, v. p. 234
sies, commenced at the Pons Campanus, on the Athen. i. p. 27, a.; Hor. Carin. i. 31. 9; Juv. i.
left hand of those journeying towards the Urbana 69; Mart. x. 35, xiii. 113.) This list is closed
Colonia of Sulla, the Faustianus ager at a village by the Velitermninsu2m, PriveZrnatinmusm, and Signimzunm,
about six miles from Sinuessa, so that the whole from Velitrae, Privernum, and Signia, towns oil
district in question may be regarded as stretching the Volscian hills; the first was a sound wine,
from the Massic hills to the river Vulturnus. Fa- but had this peculiarity, that it always tasted as if
lerlnian became fit for drinking in ten years, and mixed with sonme foreign substance; the second
smight be used when twenty years old, but when was thin and pleasant; the last was looked uponl
kept longer gave headachs, and proved injurious only in the light of a medicine, valuable for its
to the nervous system. Pliny distinlguishes three astringent qualities. (Athen. i. p. 27, b.; Plin. I. c.;
kind, the rough (austerurm), the sweet (ed/rce), and Mart. xiii. 116.) We may safely bring in one
the thin (tenuee). Galen (ap. AtIerm. i. p. 26, c.) mnore, the ForimniasZnu2m, from the gulf of Caietra
two only, the rough (avor7v1pds) and the sweetish (Laests,/gosiia BBacclms its aszphoba, Heor. Carsse. iii.
('yAvcci'Wiv). When the south wind prevailed 16. 34), associated by Horace with the Caecubam,
during the season of the vintage the wine was l Falernlian, and Calenian (Hor. Car(i. i. 20, iii.
sweetish and darker in colour (sAe'vsrepos), but if 16), and compared by Galen (ap. Athen. i. p. 26
4 44