Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

106 APPELLATIO. APPELLATIO.
I.-4 _i be obtained, if the loser could prove that it was. ___________,__4_____-_._._ _ not owing to his negligence that judgment had
gone by default, or that the dicasts had been de|Sb.-cglitF / < a,2? a ceived by false witnesses. And upon the expllsion of the thirty tyrants, a special law annulled
all the judgments that had been given during
the usurpation. (Dem. c. Timocr. p. 718.) The
M,- tt 0 X l 4 peculiar title of the above-mentioned causes was
~~I /u nlilit~~~a' 1,dLo 81Ka1,, which was also applied to all causes
of which the subject-matter was by any means
An appeal from a verdict of the heliasts was
allowed only when one of the parties was a citizen
0 of a foreign state, between which and Athens
an agreement existed as to the method of
p —, -~-~.~'~9-'=~-~ ~:~! settling disputes between individuals of the respective countries (fKar &7rb ovugodhAcov). If suc!l
A very similar representation to the above is a foreigner lost his cause at Athens, he was perfound on the triumphal arch of Titus, on which mitted to appeal to the proper court in another
Titus is represented as being carried up to the state, which (EmCKXrm-os sorAis) Bbckh, Schijnann,
skies on an eagle. There is a beautiful represen- and Hudtwalcker suppose to have been the native
tation of the apotheosis of Augustus on an onyx- country of the litigant. Platner, on the other
stone in the royal museum of Paris. hand, arguing from the intention of the regulation,
Many other monuments have come down to us, viz. to protect both parties from the partiality of
which represent an apotheosis. Of these the most each other's fellow-citizens, contends that some
celebrated is the bas-relief in the Townley gallery disinterested state would probably be selected for
in the British Museum, which represents the this purpose. The technical words employed upon
apotheosis of Homer. It is clearly of Roman work- this~ occasion are iKKtahe?,, EIcKahAetoOal, and s7
manship, and is supposed to have been executed in EcKKAr0-oS, the last used as a substantive, probably
the time of the Emperor Claudius. by the later writers only, for &peGrIs. (Harpocr.
The wives, and other female relations of the Hudtw. De Diaet. p. 125.) This as well as the
emperors, sometimes received the honour of an other cases of appeal are noticed by Pollux (viii.
apotheosis. This was the case with Livia Augusta, 62, 63) in the following words: - "'"Eeerts iis
with Poppaea the wife of Nero, and with Faustina when one transfers a cause from the arbitrators
the wife of Antoninus. (Suet. Claud. 11; Dion (lanT'lT —aL), or archons, or men of the township
Cass. xl. 5; Tac. Ann. xvi. 21; Capitolin. Anton. (61qu/oral) to the dicasts, or from the senate to the
PI/idos. 26.) assembly of the people, or from the assembly to a
APPARITO'RES, the general name for the court (Kao'ai-rplmo), or from the dicasts to a foreign
public servants of the magistrates at Rome, namely, tribunal; and the cause was then termed EpEcri'uo s.
the ACCENSI, CtARNIFEX, COACTORES, INTER- Those suits were also called i-cckWKrat sfKai. The
PRETES,9LICTORES,PRAECONES, SCRIBAE, STATOR, deposit staked in appeals, which we now call
STRATOR, VIATORES, of whom an account is given 7rapadAXiov, is by Aristotle styled 7rapat~oho.'
in separate articles. They were called apparitores The appeals from the diaetetae are generally menbecause they were at hand to execute the conl- tioned by Dem. c. Ap/hob. p. 862; c. Boeot. de
mands of the magistrates (quod iis apparebcat et Dote, pp. 1013, 1017, 1024; and Hudtwalcker
p'aesto ercant ad obseqsuimn, Serv. Ad Vis:q. Aen. xii. supposes that they were allowable in all cases
850; Cic. pso Cluent. 53; Liv. i. 8). Their except when the ug ovoa 8L/Kl was resorted to.
service or attendance was called acparitio. (Cic. [DIirE.]
atd tcamn. xiii. 54, ad QzC. Fs. i. 1. ~ 4.) The It is not easy to determine upon what occasion1s
servants of the military tribunes were also called an appeal from the archons could be preferred; for
apparitores. We read that the Emperor Severus after the time of Solon their power of decidifn
forbade the military tribunes to retain the appari- causes had degenerated into the mere presidency of
tores, whom they were accustomed to have. a court (Qryetovta 8cKag-rsTpLvO), and the conduct
(Lamprid. Sever. 52.) of the previous examination of causes (adcvapplrts).
Under the emperors, the apparitores were di- It has been also remarked (Platner, Proec. lnd
vided into numerous classes, and enjoyed peculiar Klkq. vol. i. p. 243), that upon the plaintiff's suit
privileges, of which an account is given in Just. being rejected in this previous examination as
Cod. 1-2. tit. 52-59. unfit to be brought before a court, he would most
APPELLA'TIO. 1. GREEK (eoEtIs, or Ova- probably proceed against the archon in the asseml.
8cKfa). Owing to the constitution of the Athenian bly of the people for denial of justice, or would
tribunals, each of which was generally appropriated wait till the expiration of his year of office, and
to its particular subjects of cognisance, and therefore attack him when he came to render the account of
could not be considered as homogeneous with or his conduct in the magistracy (el'0)vat). (Antiph.
subordinate to any other, there was little oppor- De Cl/oreut. p. 788.) An appeal, however, from the
tunity for bringing appeals properly so called. It archons, as well as from all other officers, was very
is to be observed also, that in general a cause was possible when they imposed a fine of their own
finally and irrevocably decided by the verdict of authority and without the sanction of a court; and
the dicasts (8iKnc av'TosEA1s). There were, how- it might also take place when the king archon had
ever, some exceptions, in which appeals and new by his sole voice made an award of dues and privitrials might be resorted to. leges (ydpa) contested by two priesthoods or sacerA new trial to annul the previous award might dotal races. (Lex. Rhletoricuen, pp. 219, 19.)