Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

V ESTALES. IAE. 1
keeping they were considered inviolable (Plut.
A'stn. 58); and in like manner very solemn,
treaties, such as that of the triumvirs with Sextus
Pompeius, were placed in their hands. (Appian,
B. C. v. 73; Dion Cass. xlviii. 37 and 46; cornm-. e l ]
pare xlviii. 12.) That they might be honoured in
death as in life, their ashes were interred within
the pomoerium. (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. xi. 206.)
They were attired in a stola over which was an
uipper vestment made of linen (Val. Max. i. 1. ~ 7; sical Journal, vol. xv. 123, vol. xvi. 321," have
Dionys. ii. 68; Plin. Ep. iv, 11), and in addition collected most of the authorities on this subject;
to the Infula and white woollen Vitta they wore Gbttling, Gesclehclhte der R;mnisclh. Staatsvea:fassung,
when sacrificing a peculiar head-dress called s.fi- p. 189..) [W. R.]
bulzan, consisting of a piece of white cloth bordered VESTI'BULUM. [DoMus, p. 427, a; JANUA,
with purple, oblong in shape, and secured by a p. 627, b.]
clasp. (Festus, s. v. SZbefiUulusz.) In dress and VESTICEPS. [IMPUBES, 631, a.]
general deportment they were required to observe VETERA'NUS. [EXERCITUS, p. 499, b.]
the utmost simplicity and d corum, any fanciful VEXILJLA'RII. [ExERCITUS, P. 507, b.]
ornaments in the one or levity in the other being VEXILLUM. [EXERCITUs, p. 507, b; SGNA
always regarded with disgust and suspicion. (Liv. MILITARIA.]
iv. 44, viii. 15; Plin. Eip. iv. 11; Ovid. Fast. iv. VIAE. Three words are employedby the Ro285.) We infer from a passage in Pliny (H. N. man jurists to denote a road, or a right of road,
xvi. 85) that their hair was cut off, probably at the Iter, A4ctss, Via. The different meanings of these
period of their consecration; whether this was re- three words are given under SERVITUTES, p. 1032.
peated from time to time does not appear, but they We next find Fiae divided into privatae or
are never represented with flowing locks. The agsariae andpublicae, the former being those the
first of the following cuts, copied from a gem use of which was free while the soil itself remained
(Montfaucon, Ant. Exp. i. pl. xxviii., Sepplesm. i. private property, the latter those of which the use,
pl. xxiii.), represents the Vestal Tuccia who when the management, and the soil were alike vested in
wrongfully accused appealed to the goddess to vin- the state. Victe Vicinales (quae in vicis sunt vel
dicate her honour, and had power given her to quae ine vices ducunt), being country cross-roads
carry a sieve full of water from the Tiber to the merging in the great lines, or at all events not
temple. (Val. Max. viii. 1. ~ 5; Plin. H. N. leading to any important terminus, might be either
xxviii. 2.) The form of the upper garment is publiace or privatae according as they were formed
and: maintained at the cost of the state or by th.e
contributions of private individuals. (Dig. 43. tit.
8. s. 2. ~ 21, 22; tit. 7.. s; Sicul. Flac. de Cond.
Agr. p. 9, ed. Goes.) The Viae publicae of the
highest class were distinguished by the epithets
militares, consluares, praetoriae, answering to the
/1 terms oor Baroticai among the Greeks and king's
hil/hway among ourselves.
That public roads of some kind must have
1. ~i' \ lexisted from the very foundation of the city is
manifest, but as very little friendly intercourse existed with the neighbouring states for any length
of time without interruption, they would in all
probability not extend beyond the narrow limits of
the Roman territory, and would be mere muddy
tracks used by the peasants in their journeys to
and from market. It was not until the period of
the long protracted Samnite wars that the necessity was strongly felt of securing an easy, regular,'S>. and safe communmication between the city anld the
legions, and then for the first time we hear of those
here well seen. The second is from a denarius of famous paved roads, which, in after ages, keeping
the Gens Clodia, representing upon the reverse a pace with the progress of the Roman arms, confemale priestess with a simpuvium in her hand, nected Rome with her most distant provinces, conand bearing the legend VESTALIS; on the ob- stituting not only the most useful, but the most
verse is a head of Flora with the words c. lasting of all her works. (Strabo, v. p. 235.) The
CLODIVS C. F. Two Vestals belonging to this excellence of the principles upon which they were
gens were celebrated in the Roman Annals. (See constructed is sufficiently attested by their extraOvid. Fast. iv. 279; Suet. Tib. 2; Augustin. de ordinary durability, many specimens beilig found
Citv. Dei, x. 16; Herodian. i. 11.) [TRIUmPHUS, in the country around Rome which have been used
p. 1165, a.] The coin seems to have been struck to without being repaired for more than a thousand
commemorate the splendour of the Floralia as ex- years, and are still in a high state of preservation.
hibited during the famous aedileship of C. Clodius The Romans are said to have adopted their first
Pulcher n. c. 99. (Cic. de Off. ii. 16, c. yerr. iv. ideas upon this subject from the Carthaginians
2; Plin... N. xxxv. 4.) (Isidor. xv. 16. ~ 6), and it is extremely probable
(Lipsius, de Vesta et Vestalibis Syntagma, and that the latter people may, from their commercial
Noehden,'" On the worship of Vesta, &c. Clas- activity, and the sandy nature of their soil, have
4 44