Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TROPAEUM. TRU. TRUA.' 1169
of battle where the enemy had tunried (Tpte1rw,. c. 121, after their conquest of the Allobroges,
vpdrt7) to flight, and in case of a victory gained when they built at the junction of the Rhone and
at sea, on the nearest land. The expression, for
raising or erecting a trophy, is rpoTraov c, -'7at --
or aT'craOat, to which may be added ahOrb or iCaTd /
Tss 7roXE1iL'ov. (Wolf, ad Deml. in Lept. p. 296.) t
When the battle was not decisive, or each party /
considered it had some claims to the victory, both A
erected trophies. (Thucyd. i. 54, 105, ii. 92.)
Trophies usually consisted of the arms, shields,
helmets, &c., of the enemy that were defeated; -;/ 6 l;
and from the descriptions of Virgil and other </ f'.
Roman poets, which have reference to the Greek:;d(,,
rather than to the Roman custom, it appears that
the spoils and arms of the vanquished were placed l l /
on the trunk of a tree, which was fixed on an
elevation. (Virg. Aei. xi. 5; Serv. ad loc.; Stat.
Theb. iii. 707; Juv. x. 133.) It was consecrated l.
to some divinity with an inscription (*riy~pat)ya),
recording the names of the victors' and of the de- X'
feated party (Eurip. P/oen. 583; Schol. ad loc.; i
Paus. v. 27. ~ 7; Virg. Aen. iii. 288; Ovid. At. /
Amn. ii. 744; Tacit. Ann. ii. 22); whence trophies / /
vwere regarded as inviolable, which even the enemy,,were not permitted to remove. (Dion Cass. xlii. ///
58.) Sometimes, however, a people destroyed a
trophy, if they considered that the enemy had' C"
erected it without sufficient cause, as the Milesians
did with a trophy of the Athenians. (Thucyd. viii. the Isal toes of white stone upon which tro24.) That rankling and hostile feelingls might not
be perpetuated by the continuance of a trophy, it enemy. (Florus,. e. a Strabo, iv. p. 185.)
seems to have been originally part of Greek inter- ompey also raised trophies on the Pyrenees after
national law that trophies should be made only of his victories iu Spain (Strabo, iii. p. 156; Pln.
wood and not of stone or metal, and that they H N. iii. 3; Dion Cass. xli. 24.; Sall. op. Sev. in
should not be repaired when decayed. (Plut. Quaesl.'g. Aen. 3xi. 6)-; Julius Caesar did the same
Bon. c. 37, p. 273. c.; Died. xiii. 24.) Helnce we Inear Ziela, after his victory over Pharnaces (Dion
are told that the Lacedaemonians accused the The- Cass. xlii.. 48), and Drusus, near the Elbe, to combans before the Amphictyonic-council, because the memorate his victory over the Germans. (Dion
latter had erected a metal trophy. (Cic. do Invent. Cass. li. 1; Florus, iv. 12.) Still, however, it was
ii. 23.) It was not however uncommon to erect more common to erect some memorial of the victory
such trophies. Plutarch (Alcib. 29. p. 207, d.) at Rome than on the field of battle. The trophies
mentions one raised in the time of Alcibiades, and raised by Marins to commemorate his victories
Pausanias (ii. 21. ~ 9, iii. 14. ~ 7, v. 27. ~ 7)over Jugurtha and the Cimbri and Tentoni, which
speaks of several which he saw in Greece. (Wachs-were cast down by Sulla and restored by Julius
mlthl~, Iell. All. vol. i. pt. i. P. 424, Ist ed.; Caesar, must have been in the city. (Suet. Jul. 11.)
Schomann, Ant. Jur-. Pulbl. Graec. p. 370.) In the later times of the republic, and under the
The trophies erected to commemorate naval victories were usually ornamented with the beaks or empire, the erection of triumphal arches was the
and most common way of commemorating a victory,
croteria of ships [ACROTERaUI; ROSTI; and many of which remain to the present day.
were generally consecrated to Poseidon or Neptune. [Aacus.] We find trophies on the Roman coins
Sometimes a whole ship was placed as a trophy. of several families. The annexed coin of M.
(Thucyd. ii. 84, 92.) Furius Philus is an example; on the reverse, VieThe following woodcut taken from a painting tory or Ro eo is represented crowning a trophy.
found at Pompeii (11/1zs. Bobson. vol. vii. t. 7) contains a very good representation of a tropaeum,
which Victory is engaged in erecting. The conqueror stands on the other side of the trophy ith
his brows encircled with laurel. k \
The Macedoniankings nevererected:trophies, for }' L5 f,
the reason given by Pausanias (ix. 40. ~ 4), and'
hence the same writer observes that Alexander |,
raised no trophies after his victories over Dareius and' v' L
in India. The Romans too, in early times, never
erected any trophies on the field of battle (Florus,
iii. 2), but carried home the spoils taken in battle, TROSSULT. [EQUiTEs p. 472, a.]
with which they decorated the public buildings, and TRUA, dim. TRULLA (7-opcr/), derived
also the private houses of individuals. [SPOLIk.] from Tplj%,epe, &c., to perforate; a large anl
Subsequently, however, the Romans adopted the flat spoon or ladle pierced with holes; a trowel.
Greek practice of raising trophies on the field of The annexed woodcut represents such a ladle,
battle: the first trophies of this kind were erected adapted to stir vegetables or other matters in the
by Domitius Ahecobarbus and FIabines Maximus in pot (Schol. in Ar istoph. AV. 78), to act as a strainer