Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1168 TRIUMVIRI. TROPAEUM.
iasves zand persons of lower rank: their court Appian, B. C. iv. 2-12; Dion Cass. xlvi. 54 —56
appears to have been near the Maenian column. Veil. Pat. ii. 65; Plut. Cic. 46); and on the ex(Festus, 1. c.; Gell. iii. 3; Plaut. Amphitr. i. I piration of the term, in B. C. 38, was conferred
3; Cic. pro Clue, nt. 13.) Niebuhr (1. c.), who is upon them again, in B. c. 37, for five years more.
followed by Arnold (HIlist. of Ronme, vol. ii. p. (Appian, B. C. v. 95; Dion Cass. xlviii. 54.) The
389), supposes that they might inflict summary coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompeius, and
punishment on all offenders against the public Crassus, in B.c. 60 (Vell. Pat. ii. 44; Liv. Epit.
peace who might be taken in the fact; but the 103) is usually called the first triumvirate, and
passage of Festus, which Niebuhr quotes, does not that between Octavianus, Antony, and Lepidus,
prove this, and it is improbable that they should the second; but it must be borne in mind that the
have had power given them of inflicting summary former never bore the title of triumviri, nor were
punishment upon a Roman citizen, especially since invested with any office under that name, whereas
we have no instance recorded of their exercising the latter were recognized as regular magistrates
such a power. (Walter, Gescls. d. Rni. Reclts, under the above-mentioned title.
pp. 165, 858, 1st ed.; Gottling, Gesch. d. RimsZ. 11. TRrutIVIRI SACrss CONQUIRENDIS DONISStaatsv. p. 378.) QUE PERSIGNANDIS, extraordinary officers elected
3. TRIUMVIRI COLONIAE DEDUCENDAE were in the Comitia Tributa in the time of the second
persons appointed to superintend the formation of Punic war, seem to have had to take care that all
a colony. They are spolken of under COLONIA, property given or consecrated to the gods was app. 315, b. Since they had besides to superintend plied to that purpose. (Liv. xxv. 7.)
the distribution of the land to the colonists, we find 1 2. TRIUMvlmR SENATus LEGENDI were magis.
them also called Triumwviri GC'loniaee Deducendae trates appointed by Augustus to admit persons into
Agqroque Dividusndo (Liv. viii. 16), and sometimes the senate. This was previously the duty of the
simply Triumviri Agro Dando (Liv. iii. 1). censors. (Suet. Aug. 37.)
4. TRImsrwIvi EPULONES. [EPULONES.] TRO'CHILUS. [SPIRA.]
5. TriuMvaIRi EQUITUMa TUrRMAS RECOGNOS- TROCHUS (TpoXo's), a hoop. The Greek
CENDI, or LEGENuIS EQUITtaI DECURaIIS, were boys used to exercise themselves like ours with
magistrates first appointed by Augustus to revise trsundling a hoop. It was a bronze ring, and had
the lists of the Equites, and to admit persons into sometimes bells attached to it. (Mart. xi. 22. 2,
the order. This was formerly part of the duties xiv. 168, 169.) It was impelled by means of a
of the censors. (Suet. Alug. 37; Tacit. Anse. hook with a wooden handle, called clavis (Propert
iii. 30.) iii. 12), and eAa7r'p. From tile Greeks this
6. TRIUmvstli I MENSARII. [CIENSAnRI.] custom passed to the Romrans, wiho consequently
7. TRIUMVl RI MONETALES. [MONETA.] adopted the Greek term. (-Ior. Co's2sm. iii. 24. 57.)
8. TRIusM IRI NOCTURNI, were magistrates The hoop was used at thle GvMarNAsmlui (Propert.
elected annually, whose chief duty it was to pre- 1. c.; Ovid. Trist. ii. 485); andi, therefore, on one
vent fires by night; and for this purpose they had of the gems in the Stosch collection at Berlin,
to go round the city during the night (vigilias which is engraved in the annexed woodcut, it is
circuminre). If they neglected their duty they were accompanied by the jar of oil and the laurel branch,
sometimes accused before the people by thle tri- the signs of effort and of victory. On each side of
bunes of the plebs. (Val. Max. viii. 1. ~ 5, 6.) this we have represented another gem from the
The time at which this office was instituted is un- same coi]lection. Both of these exhibit naked
known, but it must have been previously to the youths trundling the hoop by means of the ]look
year B. c. 304. (Liv. ix. 46.) Augustus transferred or key. These show the size of the hoop, which
their duties to the Praefectuss Vigilum. (Dig. 1. tit. in the middle figure has also three small rings or
15. s. 1.) [PRA.rECTUS VIGILUM.] bells on its circumference. (Winckelmnann, Desc,
9. TRImusivRI REFICIENDIS AEDIBUS, extraor- des Pierrses Gravees, pp. 452-455.)
dinary officers elected in the Comitia Tributa in the
time of the seconld Punic war, were appointed for
the purpose of repairing and rebuilding certain /I/ %t
temples. (Liv. xxv. 7.) I
10. TRIUMVar I REIPUBLICAE CONSTITUENDnAE.
Niebuhr (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 43) supposes:.\a I:
that magistrates under this title were appointed as
early as the time of the Licinian Rogations, in a
order to restore peace to the state after the com- -
motions consequent upon those Rogations. (Lydus,
de 31eag. i. 35.) Niebuhr also thinsks that these
were the magistrates intenlded by Varro, who men- In a totally different manner hoops were used
tions among the extraordinary magistrates, that inl the performances of tumblers and dancers.
had the right of summloning tile senate, Tlriumvirs Xenophon describes a female dancer who receives
for the regulation of the republic, along with the twelve hoops in succession, throwing them into the
Decemvirs and. Consular Tribunes. (Gell. xiv. air and catchitig them magain, her motions being
7.) We have not, however, any certain mention regulated by another female playing on the pipe.
of officers or magistrates under tlhis name, till to- (Sssspos. ii. 7, 8.)
wards the close of the republic, when the supreme On the use of rpoxas, to denote the potter's
power was shared between Caesar (Octavianus), wheel, see FICTILEr. [J. Y.]
Antonius, and Lepidus, who adminlistered tle affairs TROJAE LUDUS. [Cmnctus, p. 2831, b.]
of the state under the title of TriusCv72ri Reiplublicae TROPAEUM ('rp47ramov, Att. -poraov,, Schol.
Constituenldaee. This office was conferred upon ad Aristopls. Pl'Lt. 453), a trophy, a sign and methem in B.c. 43 for five years (Liv.- Epit. 120; morial of victory, which was erected on the field