Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TRIERARCHIA. TRIERARCHIA. t1161
in time; and as Demosthenes (Phil. 50) complains the former symmoriae. The year of passing this
of this, in B. C. 352, we may conclude that his law BIckh fixes at B. C. 340 or 339. How long it
proposal fell to the ground. But these evils were remained in force is uncertain. In the speech for
too serious to remain without a remedy; and the crown (B. C. 330), where much is said on the
therefore when the orator was the er.r'fT7rie roO subject of the Trierarchy, it is neither mentioned
vaUrLcov or the superintendent of the Athenian that the law was in existence, nor that it was
navy, he brought forward and carried a law for repealed; but Demosthenes (p. 329) says that
altering and improving the system of the symmo- Aescchines had been bribed by the leaders of the
riae and companies, the members of which no syvmmoriae to nullify it.
longer called themselves Trierarchs, but partners It appears then that the Trierarchy, though the
(UlsVTEAhe?) (Id. de Co?. 260), thereby introducing most expensive of the liturgies, was not of necesthe "Foourllftbsrsi of the Trierarchy." The provisions sity oppressive, if fairly and economically managed,
of the law were as follovw. The naval services re- though this, as has been before observed, was not
quired from every citizen were to depend upon always the case. (Demosth. c. Polyc.)
and be proportional to his property, or rather to With respect to the amount of property which
his taxable capital (r s.trita, see EIsPHORa.), as rendered a man liable to serve a Trierarchy or synregistered for the synlmoriae of the property taxes, trierarchy, Bhckh observes, " I am aware of no
the rate being one trireme for every ten talents of instance of liability arising from a property of less
taxable capital, up to three trirenmes and one auxi- value than 500 mises, and as an estate of one or
liary vessel (V7rr7peorv) for the largest properties; two talents never obliged the possessor to the peri. c. no person, however rich, could be required formance of any liturgy (Dem. c. Apehob. p. 833),
to furnish more. Those who had not ten talents the assertion of Isaeus (lde Dicaeog. Hered. p. 54)
in taxable capital were to club together in synte- that many had served the office of Trierarch whose
leiae till they had made up that amount; and if property was not more than 80 Isinae, obliges us
the valuation of the year of Nausinicus (B. c. 379) (if true) to suppose that public-spirited individuals
was still in force, the taxable capital (for the high- were sometimes found to contribute to a Trierarchy
est class) was one-fifth of the whole. By this law (rather perhaps to a syntrierarchy) out of a very
great changes were effected. All persons paying small property."
taxes were rated in proportion to their property, The disadvantages which in liter times resulted
so that the poor were benefitted by it, and the from the Trierarchs not being ready for sea by the
state likewise: for, as Demosthenes (de Cor. 261) time for sailing, were in early times prevented by
says, those who had formerly contributed one- their appointments being made beforehand; as wmas
sixteenth to the Trierarchy of one ship were now tihe case with the Trierarchs appointed to the 1.00
Trierarchs of two, in which case they Inust either ships which were reserved at the beginlilng of the
have served by proxy, or done duty in successive Peloponnesian war against anl attack upon Athens
years. He adds that the consequences were highly by sea.
beneficial. During the whole war, carried on after The appointment to serve under the first and
the law was in force, no Trierarch implored the aid secod forms of the Triera.rchy was made by the
of the people (icKEsrmpav edOnce), or took refuge in strategi (Demosth. c. Lacer. 940. 16), and in case
a temple, or was put into prison by the persons any person was appointed to serve a Trierarchy,
whose duty it was to dispatch the fleet (of adro'sro- and thought that any one else (not called upoll)
A.ts), nor was any trireme lost at sea, or lying was better able to bear it than himself, he offered
idle in the docks for want of stores and tackle, as the latter an exchange of his property [ANTIDOSIS]
under the old system, when the service (ro Ahe- subject to the burden of the Trierarchy.
Tovp'yev) fell oni the poor. The duties and services In cases of extreme hardship, persons became
to which the Trierarchs were subject under the suppliants to the people, or fled to the altar of
new law were probably the same as under the Artemis at Munychlia. If not ready in time, they
third form of the Trierarchy, the symmoriase. were sometimes liable to imprisonment (PoXos 86eoOn the relation which, in this system, the cost -t, Dem. de Cob. 262. 15). Thus on one occasion
of a Trierarchy bore to the property of a Trierarch (Demn. de Cor. Triers. 1229. 6), the Trierarchs were
Bickh makes the following remarlks, which may by a special decree subjected to imprisonment, if
be verified by a reference to EtsP'HORA. " If we they were not off the pier (Xqya) by the end of
reckon that, as formerly, it cost about a talent, the the month; on the contrary, whoever got his ship
total expense of the Trierarchs, for 100, 200, or 300 ready first, was to be rewarded with the c' crown
triremes amounted to an equal number of talents, of the Trierarchy;" so that in this way consior a sixtieth, a thirtieth, and a twentieth of the derable emulation and competition were produced.
valuation of Attica: i. ce. for the first class one-third, MS[oreover, the Trierarchs were rsevuvosl, or liable
two-thlirds, and one per cent. of their property: to be called to account for their expenditure;
for the poorer a proportionally less amount: and of though they applied their own property to the
the annulal incomes, taken as a tenth part of the service of the state. (Dem. c. Polyc. 1222. 11
property, 3~, 64, and 10 per cent. for the most Aeschin. c. Ctesiph. 56.) But they also received
wealthy. But we may reckon that Athens at that money out of the treasury for various disbursetime had not more than ]00 or 200 triremes at mnents, as the pay of the soldiers and sailors, and
sea, very seldom 300; so that this war-tax did not. the extra hands (ihr-Olpe-ia): thus, on one occasion,
for the richest class amount on an average to more each Trierarch is stated to have received 30 minae,
than one-third, and two-thirds per cent. of their es s isdrrAouv. (Dem. de Cor. Trier. 1231. 14.) The
property." Triersrchs may also have been considered VssrE01This arrangement of Demosthenes was calculated vor; from being required to show that they had
for 300 trireines, for which number 300 persons performed their duties properly. The Sacred Triserving in person would be necessary; so that the remes, the Paralus and the Salamis, had special
chief burdens must have fallen upon the leaders of treasu;ers [TA.lmAs] appointed to them (Polluxt,