Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

11568 TRICLINIUM. TRIERARCHIA.
in order to repose upon his elbow. (Sat. ii. 4. It is possible that Maecenas ought to be in tho
s9.) place No. 4 instead of No 5, since the entertainWe find the relative positions of two persons ment was given more especially in honour of him,
who lay next to one another, commonly expressed and No. 4 was an honourable place. The host
by the prepositions seuper or supra and infra. A himself, Nasidienus, occupies the place No. 8,
passage of Livy (xxxix. 43), in which he relates which was usually taken by the master of the feast,
the cruel conduct of the consul L. Quintius Flami- and was a convenient situation for giving directions
ninus, shows that infra aliquenz cubare was the and superintending the entertainment. Unless
same as in'sine alicujus cubare, and consequently there be an exception in the instance of No. 4, it is
that each person was considered as below him to to be observed that at each table the most honourwhose breast his own head approached. On this able was the middle place. (Virg. Aen. i. 698.)
principle we are enabled to explain the denomina- The general superintendence of the dining-room
tions both of the three couches, and of the three in a great house was intrusted to a slave called 1triplaces on each couch. cliniarlcha, who, through the instrumentality of other
lectus medius slaves of inferior rank, took care that every thing
was kept and proceeded in proper order. [J. Y.]
TRIDENS. [FUSCINA.]
Eg~. gTRIENS. [As.]
TRIERAIRCHIA ('rpnLpapXLa). This was
6;. -. one of the extraordinary war services or liturgies
smms 6 5 4 imus [LEITURGIA] at Athens, the object of which was. medins7 3 a to provide for the equipment and maintenance of
medi' the ships of war belonging to the state. The perins 9 1 summus 5 sons who were charged with it were called TplipapXo0, or Trierarchs, as being the captains of TriSupposing the annexed arrangement to represent remes, though the name was also applied to persons
the plan of a Triclinium, it is evident that, as each who bore the same charge in other vessels. It exguest reclined on his left side, the countenances of isted from very early times in connection with the
all when in this position were directed, first, from forty-eight nancraries of Solon, and the fifty of
No i towards No 3, then from No. 4 towards No. Cleisthenes: each of which corporations appears
6, and lastly, from No 7 towards No 9 that the to have been obliged to equip and man a vessel.
guest No. 1 lay, in the sense explained, above No. (Comp.NAJCRARIA: Lex RBet. p. 283.) Under
the constitution of Cleisthenes the ten tribes were
2, No. 3 below No. 2, and so of the rest; and that, This
going in the same direction, the couch to the right at first severlly chared with five vessels. This
hand was above the others, and the couch to the charge was of course superseded by the later
left hand below the others. Accordingly the fol. forms of the Trierarchy, explained in the course of
lowing fragment of Sallust (ap. Serv. in Virg. therars arweticlre liable.
Aen. i. 698) contains the denominations of the
couches as shown on the plan: " Igitur discu- What these were previously to 358 B. c. there can
buere: Sertorius (i. e. No. 6) inferior in medio,be no doubt; the vessel was furnished by the state,
super eum L. Fabius Hispaniensis senator x pro- though sometimes a wealthy and patriotic indivi-,
scriptis ( e o. 5): in summo anton'is (Lao ) et dual served in his own ship. Cleinias, for instance,
cinfra criba Serto.: Versu Aius ( (No. 1)2): e t alter r did so at Artemisium (Herod. viii. 17), but as it is
infra scriba Sertorii Versius (No. 2): et alter scriba Maecenas (No. 8) in imo, medius inter Tarqui- particularly recorded that this ship was his own,
nium (Nro. 7) et dominum Perpernam (NIo. 9)." we may infer, that he supplied at his own cost
On the same principle, No. 1 was the highest place what the state was bound to provide. The same
(Locus sumnzmus) on the highest couch; No. 3 was prevailed during the Peloponnesin war
Locus imus in lecto summo; No. 2 Locus medius also. The 100 ships prepared and reserved at the
in lecto summo; and so on. It will be found that beginning of the war, for any critical emergency
in the following passage (Hor. Sat. ii. 8. 20-23) were supplied by the state. (Thucyd. ii. 24.) In
the guests are enumerated in the order of their ac- the expedition against Sicily (Id. vi. 31) the state
cubation-an order exhibited in the annexed dia- furnished the hull of the vessel (cavv Kcviv), and
gr~al. the pay of the crews, a drachma per day for each
m m a man: but the equipment of the ships was at the
e. cost of the Trierarchs, who also gave l7rupopai
h~ ~ _~ (Pollux, iii. 94), or additional pay to secure the
n C< best men. The same conclusions are also deduciFe n ble from the credit which a Trierarch takes to himNomentanus Variis self for saving his vessel, when the city lost her
Viscus ships at Aegospotami (Isocr. c. Callim. 382):
Nasidienus Mensa. cs and friom the further statement that he paid
Porcius Fundanisis the sailors out of his own pocket. From the
threat of Cleon (Aristoph. Equit. 916) that lihe
would (as.2TpaTq7y/'s) make an adversary a TrierFundanius, one of the guests, who was at the top arch, and give him an old ship with a rotten
relativelv to all the others, sayrs,arch, and give him an old ship with a rotten
relatively to all the others, says, mast (hrn-ezv earps'), it appears that the state
"Summus ego, et prope me Viscus Thurinus, et furnished the hull and mast also, but that the Trierinfra, arch was bound to keep and return them in good
Si memini, Varius: cum Servilio Balatrone repair: an obligation expressed in the inscriptions
Vibidius, quos Maecenas adduxerat umbras. quoted by Bdckh (Urkunden iiber das Seewesen dej
Nomentanus erat super ipsum, Porcius infra." Attisclzen Staates, p. 197), by the phrase, Ge? riv