Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

l1SS TRIBUS. TRIBUTUAT.
twenty by the conquests of Porsenna, are spoken that hence the character of these assemblies was es'
of under PLEBES. The four city tribes were sentiallyplebeian; especially as the patricians, being
called by the same name as the regions which so few in numbers, and each of them having no more
they occupied, viz. Suburasna, Esqzuilinac, ColTina, influence in them than a plebeian, seldom attended
and Palatinca. (Varro, Do Ling. Lat. v. 56.; Festus, the meetings of the tribes. The passages, however,
s. v. Usbaeas tribus.) The nmnes of the sixteen which are quoted in support of this opinion, are
country tribes which continued to belong to Rome partly insufficient to prove the point (as Liv. ii. 56,
after the conquest of Porsenna, are in their alpha- 60; Dionys. ix. 41), and partly belong to a later
betical order as follow: Aemilia, Camilia, Cos — period, when it certainly cannot be doubted that
elia, Fabica, Galeria, Iloratia, Lemonia, Mesnenia, the patricians belonged to the tribes. We must
Papiria, Pollia (which Niebuhr, i. n. 977, thinks therefore suppose, with Niebuhr, that down to the
to be the same as the Poblilia, which was insti- decemviral legislation the tribes and their assemtuted at a later time), Pcapis-ia, Pcpinlic, Romilia, blies wvere entirely plebeian.
Sergia, TetsGuia, and Voltinzia. (Compare Gbttling, The assemblies of the tribes (comitic tributa), as
Gesch. d. Ronz. Staatsv. p. 238.) As Rome gra- long as they were confined to the plebeians, can
dually acquired possession of more of the sur- scarcely have had any influence upon the affairs of
rounding territory the number of tribes also was the state: all they had to do was to raise the trigradually increased. When Appius Claudius, butum, to hold the levies for the arnsies, and to
with his numerous train of clients, emigrated to manage their own local and religious affairs. [TRIRome, lands were assigned to them in the district BUNUS; PLEBES.] (Fest. s. vv. Jsgalrius, Pzblica
where the Anio flows into the Tiber, and a new sacra, Sobsiown; Varro, de Ling. Lat. vi. 24; Cic.
tribe, the tribus Claudia, was formed. This tribe, pro Dom. 28; Macrob. Sat. i. 4. 16.) Their
which Livy (ii. 16, if the reading is correct) calls meetings were held in the forum, and their sphere
vetus Claudia tribes, was subsequently enlarged, of action was not extended by the establishment of
and was then designated by the name Crustuinizcs the republic. The first great point they gained
or Clustunzina. (Niebuhr, i. n. 1236.) This namne was through the lex Valeria, passed by Valerius
is the firstinstance of a country tribe being named Publicola. [LEGES VALERIAE.] But the tinme
after a place, for the sixteen older ones all derived from which the increase of the power of the cotheir names from persons or heroes who were in the mitia of the tribes must be dated, is that in which
same relation to them, as the Attic heroes called the tribuni plebis were instituted (494 B. c.).
E7rcwvveuoi were to the Attic phylae. In B. c. 387, During the time of the decemviral legislation the
the number of tribes was increased to twenty-five comitia were for a short time deprived of their
by the addition of four new ones, viz, the Stella- influence, but we have every reason to believe that
tina, T-omentina, Sabatina, and Asniensis. (Liv. immediately after, probably by this legislation itvi. 5; Niebuhr, ii. p. 575.) In 358 B. C. two self, the cornitia tributa, instead of a merely plemore, the PomptinaC and Publilia, were formed beian, became a national assembly, inasmuch as
of Volscians. (Liv. vii. 15.) In B. c. 332, the henceforth patricians and freeborn clients were inCensors Q. Publilius Philo asd Sp. Postumius corporated in the tribes, and thus obtained the
increased the number of tribes to twenty-nine, by right of taking part in their assemblies. (Liv. iv.
the addition of the Alaecia and Sccptia. (Liv.viii. 24, v. 30, vi. 18, xxix. 37.) This new con17.) In B. c. 318 the Ufenttinl and PFlerina were stitution of the tribes also explains the otherwise
added. (Liv. ix. 20.) In B. c. 299 two others, the unaccountable phenomena mentioned in the article
Aniensis and Tercntiac were added by the censors TriBUNUS, that patricians sought the protection of
(Liv. x. 9), and at last, in B. C. 241, the number of the tribunes, and that on one occasion even two of
*tribes was augmented to thirty-five, by the addition the tribunes were patricians. From the latter fact
of the Quirina and Teline. This number was never it has been inferred, with great probability, that
afterwards increased, as none of the conquered about that time attempts were made by the patrinations were after this incorporated with the so- cians to share the tribuneship with the plebeians.
vereign Roman state. (Liv. Epit. 19, i. 43.) When But notwithstanding the incorporation of the patri.
the tribes, in their assemblies, tiansacted any busi- cians in the tribes, the comitia tributa remained
ness, a certain order (ordo tr'ibuunto) wrs, observed, essentially plebeian, as the same canuses, which
rin which they were called upon to give their votes. would have acted, had the patricians been incllded
The first in the order of succession was the Subu- in the tribes by Servius Tullins, were still in operana, and the last the Arniensis. (Cic. de ILeg. Ag. ration; for the patricians were now even fewer in
ji. 29.) Any person belonging to a tribe had in number than two centuries before. IHence the old
important documents to add to his own name that of name of plebisciturm, which means originally a rehis tribe, inthe ablative case. (Noaren, p. 802, b. solution of the plebes only, although in a strict
Compare Becker, Landb). des Rimn. Alterti. Vol. ii. sense of the word no longer applicable, was still
pt. i. p. 164, &c.) retained, as a resolution of the comitia tribute was
Whetherthelocal tribes, astlley were established practically a resolution of the plebes, which the
by the constitution of Servius Tullius, contained patricians, even if they had voted against it unanionly the plebeians,- or included the patricians also, mously, could not have prevented. MIoreover
is a point on which the opinions of modern scholars owing to this, the patricians probably attended the
are divided. Niebuhr, WA'alter, and others, think comitia tribute very seldom. For a more detailed
that the patricians were excluded, as they had al- account of the comitia tribute, see CoallrTIA TRIreedy a regular organization of their own; Wachs. BUTA. [L. S.]
muth, Gerlach, Rein, Becker, and others, on the TRIBU'TA COMI'TIA [CoaMlTIA.]
contrary, maintain that the patricians also were in- TRIBUTO'RIA A'CTIO. fSErustvus, p. 1037.]
corporated in the Servian tribes; but they allow, at TRIBU'TUMI is a tax which, as Niebuhr (Heis.
the' same time, that by far the maijority of the people of Rome, i. p. 468) supposes, was at first paid only
in the assemblies of tie tribes wore plebeians, and by the plebeians, simce the name itself is used by