Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

102 APEX. APTIRODISIA.
tim was removed; when no objections were we have selected six for the annexed woodcut. Tle
raised, the father, or he who supplied his place, middle figure is from a bas-relief, showing one of
was obliged to establish by oath that the child was the salii witl, a rod in his right hand. The
the offspring of free-born parents, and citizens of All)ogalerus, oi albus galerus was a white cap worn
Athens, (Isaens, De Haered. Ciron. p. 100. ~19; by the flamen dialis, made of the skin of a white
Demosth. c. Eubzl. p. 1315.) After the victim victim sacrificed to Jupiter, and had the apex
was sacrificed, the phratores gave their votes, fastened to it by means of asl olive-twig. (Festus,
which they took from the altar of Jupiter Phra- s. s?. allogyalerus; Gell. x. 15.)
trius. When the majority voted against the reception, the cause might be tried before one of the
courts of Athens; and if the claims of the child
were found unobjectionable, its name, as well as
that of the father, was entered in the register of
the phratria, and those who had wished to effect
the exclusion of the child werre liable to be punished. I
(Demosth. c. Alacart. p. 1078.) Then followed
the distribution of wine, -and of the victim, of
which every phrator received his share; and poems /
were recited by the elder boys, and a prize was
given to him who acquitted himself the best on the
occasion. (Plat. Tins. p. 21, b.) On this day, also,'
illegitimate children on whonm the privileges of
Athenian citizens were to be bestowed, as well as
children adopted by citizens, and newly created
citizens were introduced; but the last, it appears,
could only be received into a phratria when they
had previously been adopted by a citizen; and
their children, when born by a mother who was From apex was formed the epithet cpficaturs,
a citizen, had a legitimate claim to be inscribed il applied to the flamen dialis by Ovid (I,'ctst. iii.
the phratria of their grandfather, on their mother's 197).
side. (Platner, Beitrcige, p. 168.) In later times, APILASTON (4phXaoTro,). [NAVIS.]
however, the difficulties of being admitted into a APHIOIRMES DIKE/ (&poprls Sicyj), was the
phratria seem to have been greatly diminished. action brought against a banker or money-lender
Some writers have added a fourth day to this (Tpaore(iTls), to recover funds advanced for the
festival, under the name of Efr ga (Hesych. s. vi. purpose of being employed as bankilng capital.'AraTrovpLa: and Simplicius on A-istot. PhIys. iv. Though such moneys were also styled 1rapac-aOap. 167. a.); but this is no pt-icular day of the icea, or deposits, to distinguish them from the prifestival, for fErL~Ma signifies nlstling else but a day vate capital of the banker (ia &cpopoi/), there is
subsequent to any festival. (See Rhunken, Ad an essential difference between the actions &qpop/pl/s
Tim. Lex. Plat. p. 119.) [L. S.] and 7rcpancKara0o7tcns, as the latter implied that the
APAU'LIA. [MATItMONIUM.] defendant had refused to return a deposit intrusted
APELEU'THERI (a&reAevOepos). [LInBETI.] to him, not upon the condition of his paying a
APERTA NAVIS. [NAVIS.] stated interest for its use, as in the former case,
APEX, a cap worn by the flamines and salii at but merely that it might be safe in his keeping
Rome. The essential part of the apex, to which till the affairs of the ploaitiff should enable him to
alone the name properly belonged, was a pointed resume its possession in security. [PAOlACATApiece of olive-wood, the base of which was sutr- THIECEI.] The former action was of the class 7rpos
rounded with a lock of wool. This was worn -on rieva, and camle under the jurisdiction of the thesimothe top of the head, and was held there either by thetae. The speech of Demosthenes in behalf of
fillets only, or, as was more commoasly the case, Phornio was made in a 7raypapafi against an
by the aid of a cap, which fitted the head, and action of this kind. [J. S. M.]
was also fastened by means of two strings or bands, APHRACTUS. [NAvIs.]
which were called apicula (Festus, s. v.), or of'- APIHIRODI'SIA ('Acppo8,ilxc), festivals celefEndices (Festus, s. v.), though the latter word is brated in honour of Aphrodite, il a great nulbter
also interpreted to niean a kind of button, by of towns in Greece, but particularly in the island
which the strings were fastened under the chin. of Cyprus. -11er mlost ancient temple was at Paphos,
(Comp. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ii. 683, viii. 664, x. which was built by Arias or Cinvras, in whose
270.) family the priestly dignity was hereditary. (Tacit.
The flamines were forbidden by law to go into [list. ii. 3, AAnnal. iii. 62; Maxim. Tyr. Seran. 83.)
public, or even into the open air without the apex No bloody sacrifices were allowed to be offered to
(Gell. x. 15), and hence we find the expression of her, but only pinre fire, flowers, and incense (Virg.
aliccui apicem dialem ismponere used as equivalent to Aen. i. 116); and therefore, when Tacitus (I[ist.
the appointment of a flamen dialis. (Liv. vi. 41.) ii. 3) speaks of victims, we must either suppose,
Sulpicius was dei rived of the priesthood, only be- with Ernesti, that they were killed merely that the
cause the apex fell from his head whilst he was priest might inspect their intestines, or for the pursacrificing. (Val. Max. i. 1. ~ 4.) pose of affording a feast to the persons present at
Dionysius (ii. 70) describes the cap as being of the festival. At all events, however,'the altar of
a conical form. On ancient monuments we see it the goddess was not allowed to be polluted with
round as well as conical. From its various forms, the blood of the victims, which were mostly heas shown on bas-reliefs and on coins of the Roman goats. Mysteries were also celebrated at Paphos
emperors, who as priests were entitled to wear it, in honour of Aphrodite; and those who were ini