Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TRIBiUS TnRIBUS. 1163
original inhabitants. It is true, that in the cornm- compelled to wear sheep-skins, and called tcarenlon course of things, nobles, or privileged classes, vaicoqpdpos (Athenaeus vi. 271); in Epidaurus
sprang up in various countries, by reason either of they were styled CoCio7reoEs, dusty-footed, a name
wealth, or of personal merit, or of descent from the which denoted their agricultural occupation, but
ancient kings; and that in some cases all the land was meant as a mark of contempt. (Miiller, Dor.
was possessed by them, as by the Gamori of Syra- iii. 4. ~ 2.) But in general they formed a sort
cuse (IHerod. vii. 155); sometimes their property of middler order between. the ruling people and the
was inalienable, as under our feudal law (Arist. serf or slave. Thus, in Argos, there was a class of
Pol. ii. 4. ~ 4); and the Bacchiadae are an in- persons called Gymnaesii or Gymnnetes, corresponding
stance of a noble family. who intermarried only to the Helots. [GYMINEsII.] So in Thessaly,
among themselves. (Herod. v. 92.) Still, how, in the districts not immediately occupied by the
ever, as a general rule, there was no decided sepa- Thessalian invaders, there dwelt a population of
ration of tribe, much less of caste, between nobles. ancient Aeolians, who were not serfs, like the Peand commons of the same race. Nor was there inestae [PENEssAE], but only tributary subjects,
any such distinction of a. sacerldotal order. The who retained their personal liberty, though not adpriestly function was in early times united to that mitted to the rank of citizens. (Thirlwall, vol. i.
of the king (Arist. Pol. iii. 9 ~ 7); iafterwards p. 438; Schuimann, Id. p. 401.) So also in Crete,
the priesthood of particular deities became here- there were the Dorian freemen, the 7reptioucoi or old
ditary in certain families, owing either to a sup- inhabitants, similar to the Lacedaemonians, and the
posed transmission of prophetic power, as in the slaves. [Cosami.] We may observe that the termn
case of the Eumolpidae, Branchidae, lamidae; or 7repilouco is sometimes used in rather a different
to accidental circumstances, as il the case of Telines sense; as when Xenophon gives that name to the
of Gela (Herod. vii. 153); but the priests were Thespians, wvho were not subjects of the Thebans,
not separated, as an: order, from the rest: of the as the Achaeans were of the Spartans. (iell. v.
people. (W1~achsmuth, ell. All. vol. i. pt. i. pp. 4. ~ 4G.) In some of the maritime states the con7-6, 149, 1st. ed.; Schimlann, Asat. jl- pub. Gr. p. dition of the subject classes was somewhat different;
79.) The most important distinctions of a. class- they were suffered to reside more in the town; as
like nature, between people living under-the same in Corinth, where they were artizans, at Tarentum,
government, arose in those countriesthat-were con- where they were fishermen. (fWachsmuth, vol. i.
quered by the migratory hordes of Thessalians, pt. i. p. 162; Schimann, Id. pp. 80, 107.)
Boeotians, and Dorians, in the century subsequent The ruliing people, thus remaining distinct from
to the heroic age. The revolutions which they the rest, were -themselves divided into tribes and
effected, though varying in difterent places accord- other sections. Of the Dorian race there were
ing to circumstances, had: in many respects a uni- originally three tribes, traces of which- are found in
form- character. The conquering body took pos- all the countries which they colonized. I-lencethey
session of the country, and became its lords; the are called by -omer AcoptEs Trpxadccs. (Od,
original inhabitants, reduced to subjection, and xix. 17 7,) These tribes were the'TAXe5s, TIldci
sometimes to completve vassalage or servitude, re- cpvXot, and Av/uas'ral or AvQmES. Tihe first demained a distinct-people or tribe firom the conquerors. mived their name from H-llus, son of Hercules, the
The former built cities, usually at the foot of sonic two last from Pamphylus and Dymas, who are said
citadel that had belonged to the ancient princes, to have fallen in the last expedition when the
where they resided, retaining their military dis- Dorians took possession- of the Peloponnesus. The
cipline and martial habits; while a rural population, Hyllean tribe was perhaps the one of highest digconsisting principally of the former natives, but nity; but at Sparta there does not appear to have
partly also of the less warlike of the invaders, and beenl much distine-tion, for all the freemen there
partly of fresh emigrants invited or permitted by were by thle constit-umtion of Lycurgus on a footing
them to settle, dwelt in the surrounding villages, of equality. To tlhese three tribes others were
and received the n ame of Ieplpohuoi. The conditioni added in different places, either when thle Dorians
ofthe Laceda(eenonian.ireploacotm is spoken of unider were joinled by other foreign allies, or when some
PaeROEcr. A sineilar class arose iil most of the of the old inhabitanlts were admitted to the rank of
countries so colonized, as in Argos, Corintll, Elis, citizenship or equal privileges. Thus thle Cadmean
Crete, &c. (Herod. -iii. 73 Thucyd. ii. 25;- Aegeids are said by Herodotus to have been a
Xenoph. hell. iii. 2. ~ 23; 30; Pausan. iii. 8. ~ 3, great tribe at Sparta, descended (as he says) from
viii. 27. ~ 1; Arist. Pol ii. 6. ~ 1, v.. ~ 8.) But Aegeus, grandson of Theras (TIerod. iv. 149),
their condition varied according to the lmanner inu though others have thought they were incorporated
which the invaders effected their settlement, and with the three Doric tribes. (Thirlwvall, vol. i. pp.
other circumstances and events prior or subsequent 2.57, 268, 314.) At Argos, Aegina, aned Epidaurus
to that time. Inl many places the new comer was there was an H-yrnethian tribe besides the three
received under a treaty, or upon more equitable Doric. (Miiller, Aegin. p. 140.) In Sicyon Cleisterms, so that a union of citizenship would take thenes having changed the names of the Doric
place between them and the original inhabitants. tribes, to degrade and insult their members, and
This was the case in Elis, Messenia, Phlius, Troe.- given to a fourth tribe, to which he himself bezen. (Pausan. ii. 13. ~- 1, v. 4. ~ I; Thiriwall, longed, the neame of Archelai, sixty years after his
Hist. of Greece,- ol. i. p. 342'.) So the Cretans, death the Doric lames wvere restored, and a fourth
who invaded 3Miletus, mingled with the ancient tribe added, called AiyrmaAsEs, from Aegialeus, son
Carians, and the: Ionians w-ith tile Cretans and of the Argivae hero Adrastus. (laerod. v. 68.)
Carians of Colophon. (Pausan. vii. 2. ~ 5, vii. 3. Eigllt tribes are mentioned in Corinth (Suidas, s. 7v.
~ 1.) In Megara, the rulinmg class, after a lapse of rlrYira imcar. ), foer inl Tegea. (Pausan. viii. 53.
some time, amalgamated with the lose-er. (Thirl- ~ 6.) In Elis there were twelve tribes, that were
-vall, vol. i. p. 430.) In other places the irepi'olKol afterwards reduced to eight by a war with the Arwere more degraded. Thums, in -Sicyoll they were cadians (Paus. v. 9. ~ 6), friolm which they appear
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