Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

APATURIA. APATURIA. 101
fir, or some other tapering tree. The bucket, being having a companion, and while Xanthius looked
attached to the top of the tree, bends it by its around, Mielanthus slew the deceived Xanthils.
weight; and the thickness of the other extremity From that time, the Athenians celebrated two fesserves as a counterpoise. The great antiquity of tivals, the Apaturia, and that of Dionysus Melanthis method of raising water is proved by repre- aegis, who was believed to have been the man
sentations of it in Egyptian paintings. (Wilkin- who appeared behind Xanthius. This is the story
son, Manners and Cust. of Anc. Egypt, ii. 1 —4; related by the Scholiast on Aristophanes. (Aclticn.
see also Pitt. d'E-rcolano, vol. i. p. 257.) [J. Y.] 146.) This tradition has given rise to a false etyANTOMO'SIA (&v-rwcuooLa). [ANAKRISIS, mology of the name /araTroepta, which was formerly
p. 92, a; PARAGRAPHE.] considered to be derived from &7raTray, to deceive.
ANTYX (riTv-, probably allied etymologically All modern critics, however (Miiller, Doricans, i.
to /tprvu), the rim or border of any thing, espe- 5. 4; Welcker, Aesclyl. Tril. p. 288), agree that the
cially of a shield, or chariot. The rim of the large name is composed of a=='dea, and 7raTdpta, which is
round shield of the ancient Greeks was thinner perfectly consistent with what Xenophon (He/lesn.
than the part which it enclosed. Thus the orna- i. 7. ~ 8) says of the festival:'EY o's (a&rarouppios)
mental border of the shield of Achilles, fabricated ol'e Tl raerepes cal of rV'}yyeres iVeLt oqP'taev
by Hephaestus, was only threefold, the shield itself av'roes. Accordihng to this derivation, it is the
being sevenfold. (Ii. xviii. 479; comp. xx. 275.) festivaI at which the phratriae met, to discuss and
See examples of the crut?/x of a shield in woodcuts settle their own affairs. But, as every citizen was
to ANTEFIXA, ARMA, CLIPEUS. a member of a phratria, the festival extended
On the other hand, the antyx of a chariot must over the whole nation, who assembled according to
have been thicker than the body to which it was pzratr'iae. Welcker (Azhangc z. Trilog. p. 200),
attached, and to which it gave both form and on account of the prominent part which Dionlysus
strength. For the satne rpason, it was often made takes in the legend respecting the origin of the
double, as in the chariot of Hera. (Aoeal E w'ept- Attic Apaturia, conceives that it arose from the
8po4uo mevr7ye's el't, 11. v. 728.) It rose in front circumstance that families belonging to the Dioof a chariot in a curved form, on whic'h the reins nysian tribe of the Aegicores had been registered
might be hung. (11. v. 262, 322) A simple form among the citizens.
of it is exhibited in the annexed woodcut from the The first day of the festival, which probably fell
on the eleventh of the month of Pyanepsion, was
called 6opir-a, or dp7rela (Athen. iv. p. 171; Hesych.
- _- _! and Suid. s. v.); on which every citizen went in
the evening to the phratrium, or to the house of
l /, somne wealthy member of his own phratria, and
there enjoyed the supper prepared for -him. (Aristpnh. Ac/arn. 146.) That the cup-bearers (oid.'
theaL) were not idle on this occasion, may be seen
from Photius (Lexic. s. v. Aopirta).
The second day was called &avdp'purs (vap'I pE1) from the sacrifice offered on this day to
/ Zeus, surnamed 4,pgrpros, and to Athena, and
1hl!S7\ AtWC\V\S // /1\ I' sometimes to Dionysus Melanaegis. This was a
NrKtl ~z I state sacrifice, in which all citizens took part. The
day was chiefly devoted to the gods, and to it
mnst, perhaps, be confined what Harpocration (s.
work of Carloni. Sometimes antyx is used to v. Aaucrais) mentions, from the Atthis of Istrus,
signify the chariot itself. [J. Y.] that the Athenians at the apaturia used to dress
APA'GELI (a7rd-yeXot). [AGELA.] splendidly, kindle torches on the altar of HephaeAPAGO'GE (.&rayoy/4). [ENnEIxIS.] Stnus, and sacrifice and sing in honour of him.
APATU'RIA (IreraTopea), was a political festi- Proclus on Plato (Tim. p. 21. b.), in opposition to
val, which the Athenians had in common with all all other authorities, calls the first day of the Apathe Greeks of the Ionian name (Herod. i. 147), turia uavcppvvrs, and the second 8op7rLa, which is,
with the exception of those of Colophon and perhaps, nothing more than a slip of his pen.
Ephesus. It was celebrated in the month of On the third day, called coupeerts (tcofpos)
Pyanepsion, and lasted for three days. The ori- children born in that year, in the families of the
gin of this festival is related in the following man- phratriae, or such as were not yet registered, were
er: — About the year 1100 B. c., the Athenians taken by their fathers, or in their absence by their
were carrying on a war against the Boeotians, con- representatives (c/pto1), blefore the assembled
cerning the district of Cilaenae, or, according to members of the phratria. For every child a
others, respecting the little town of Oenoe. sheep or goat was sacrificed. The victim was
The.Boeotian Xanthius, or Xanthus, challenged called me ovs, and lee who sacrificed it ideea'yods
Thymnoetes, king of Attica, to single combat ((jeLeeLywaco'ye). It is. said that the victim was not
anld when he refulsed, Melanthus, a Messenian allowed to be below (HI-arpocrat. Suid. Phot. s. v.
exile of the house of the Nelids, offered himself Mesmv), or, according to Pollux (iii. 52), above, a
to fight for Thyvmoetes, on condition that, if vic- certain eight. Whenever ally one thought he
torious, he should be the successor to Thymoetes. had reason to oppose the reception of the child
The offer was accepted; and when Nanthius and into the phratria, he stated the case, and, at the
Melanthus began the engagement, there appeared same time, led away the victim from the altar.
behind Xanthius a man in the TPpay7, the skin of a (Demosth. c. M1-acart. p. 1054.) If the memblack she-goat. Melanthus reminded his adversary bers of the phratria found the objections to the
that he was violating the laws of single combat by reception of the ild to be sfficiet,the vi
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