Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

100 ANTLIA. ANTLIA.
From what has been already stated, it will a trough, from which it is conveyed to a distance,
have been observed, that questions requiring a pre- and chiefly used for irrigation.
vious decision, would frequently arise upon the al- Lucretius (v. 517) mentions a machine conlegations of the plea; and that the plea to the ac- tructed on this principle:-" Ut fluvios versare
tion in particular would often contain matter that rotas atque haustra videmus."
would tend essentially to alter, and, in some cases,
to reverse the relative positions of the parties. In
the first case, a trial before the dicasts would be
granted by the magistrate whenever he was loth'
to incur the responsibility of decision; in the second, a cross-action might be instituted, and ca, rried on separately, though, perhaps, simnaltaneously
with the original suit. Cases would also sometimes occur in which tile defendant, from consider- - l
ing the inldictmeu t as an ulwarrantable aggres- I
sion, or, perhaps, one best repelled by attack, would
be tempted to retaliate upon some delinquency of
his opponent, utterly unconnected with the caouse -
in hbncl, and to this he wonlld be, il most cases, l \
able to resort. An instance of each kind vil be.X 11
briefly given, by citing the comnmonprcg c7p/l e a s xAdra! \ "
a cause arising upon a dilatoy plea,; a cross-action 7 / / i
for assault (aicias) upon a primaTry action for the
same (Dem. in Ev. et [lyzesib. p. 1153);.and a. t I
oaoiLuae'a, or "judicial exanination of the lisE or j I
morals" of an orator upon an impeachment for sl. d[i
misconduct in Lan embassy (7rapaerpeG-Ela). (Aesch. j >W 1 &
i Tiench.) All canses of this secondary naturei
(and there was hardly one of any kind. cognisable
by the Attic courts, that might not occasionally
rank among them) were, when viewed in their
relation with the primary action, comprehended
by the enlarged signification of antiggc(2aloe, or, in
other words, this term, inexpressive. of form or In situations where the water was at rest, as in
substance, is indicative of a repellent or retaliative a pond or wa well, or where the current was too
quality, that might be incidental to a great variety slow and feeble to put the machine in motion, it
of causes. The distinction, however, that is iira- was constructed so as to be wrought by animal
plied by antigyraphi, was not merely verbal and force, and slaves or criminals were commonly emunsubstantial; for we are told, in order to prevent ployed for the purpose (ess avrAlav Icarablcefrivolous suits on the one hand, and unfair elusion aOBivat, Artemid. Oneiroc. i. 50; in antlieamz coosupon the other, the loser in apaoayarapvhi, or cross- deonnare, Suet. Tib. 51.) Five such machines are
action upon a private suit, was condemned by a described byVitruvius% in addition to that which has
special law to pay the E7rrwceta, rateable upon the been already explained, and which, as he observes,
valuation of the main cause, if he failed to obtain was turnled sine operar Lm calcatura, ip)siZiSlSAEi2iS
the votes of one-fifth of the jury, and certain irspuelsoZ. These five were, 1. the tympanum; a
court fees (wrpuravea) not originally incident to tread-wheel, wrought 71-o0inibuss canlentibus: 2. a
the suit. That there was a similar provision inl wheel resembling that ill the preceding figure; but
public causes, we may presume from analogy, having, instead of pots, wooden boxes or buckets
though we have no authority to determine the (o7odioli quadrati), so arranged as to form steps for
matter. (Meier, Att. Process, p. 625.) [J. S. M.] those who trod the wheel: 3. the chain-pump:
ANTIGRAPHEIS (&v'rypaq)ES). [GRAss- 4. the co/lea, or Archimedes' screw: and 5. the
SATEUS.] ctesibica noachina, or forcing-pump. (Vitruv. x.
ANTINOEIA (av'rtwdEa), annual festivals and 4-7; Drieberg, Poneum..Eo7ifioduz yen der CGiec/7en,
quinquennial games, which the Roman emperor p. 44-50.)
Hadrian instituted in honour of his favourite, On the other hand, the antlia with which MarAntinous, after he was drowned in the Nile, or, tial (ix. 19) watered his garden, was probably the
according to others, had sacrificed himself for his pole and bucket universally employed in Italy,
sovereign, in a fit of religious fanaticism. The Greece, and Egypt. The pole is curved, as shown
festivals were celebrated in Bithynia, and at Man- in the amiexed figure; because it is the stem of a
tineia, in which places he was worshipped as a
god. (Spartian. Hadriacn, c. 14-; Dion Cass.
lxix. 10; Pans. viii. 9. ~ 4.) [L. S.]
ANTIPHERNA (m'riqieppa). [Dos.]
ANTIQUA/RII. [LIBRARI.]
A'NTLIA (&am'Xa), any machine for raising
water; a pump. The annexed figure shows a
machine which is still used on the river Eissach
in the Tyrol, the ancient Atagis. As the current >puts the wheel in motion, the jars on its margin I -
are successively immersed and filled with water. ----
When they reach the top, the water is sent into - --''. an~~>