Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

THRONUS. TIIYRSUS. 1 129
the ten statues of the Attic cv7rUoI. [EPONYMII, monarchs were sometimes deposited in the temples
PRYTANEIUMI.] as DONARIA. (Paus. ii. ]9. ~ 4, v. 12. ~ 3.)
Other Greek cities had likewise their public The following woodcut, taken from a fictile vase
l4Xot: thus we find that Polycletus built one of in the Museo Borbonico at Naples, represents Juno
white marble at Epidaurus, the inside of which seated on a splendid throne, which is elevated, like
was adorned with paintings by Pausias. It was those already described, on a basement. She holds
originally surrounded by columns, of which in the in her left hand a sceptre, and in her right the
days of Pausanias six only were standing, and apple, which Mercury is about to convey to Paris
upon these were inscribed the names of such per- with a view to the celebrated contest for beauty
sons as had been cured of some disease by Ascle- on Mount Ida. Mercury is distinguished by his
pius, together with the name of the disease itself TALARIA, his CADUCEUs, and his petasus thrown
and the manner in which they had obtained their behind his back and hanging by its string. On
recovery. (Paus. ii. 17. ~ 3.) [L. S.] the right side of the throne is the representation of
THORAX. [LORWCA.] a tigress or panther.
THRACES. [GLADIATORES, p. 576, a.]
THRANI'TAE (apa,?rat). [NAVIS,p. 788,a.1
THRONUS, the Greek &plvos, for which the
proper Latin term is soliron.; a throne. This did
not differ from a chair (Ka0oepa) [CATHEDRA;
SELLA] except in being higher, larger, and in all
respects more magnificent. (Athen. v. p. 192, e.)
On account of its elevation it was always neces-'
sarily accompanied by a foot-stool (subsellizuo, I,
W7ro7rSLo,, Att. apyivtov, lon. ap1vvS, Hoem. It. xiv...
240, Od. i. 131, x. 315). Besides a variety of ) -
stowed upon the throne itself, it was often covered
with beautiful and splendid drapery. (Hom. Od. j,.b l+
xx. 150.) [TAPES.] The accompanying woodcut 1/
shows two gilded thrones with cushions and dra-I
pery represented on paintings found at Resina.
(Ant. d'Erc. vol. i. tav. 29.) These were intended - _ %
to be the thrones of Mars and Venus, which is O
expressed by the'helmet on the one and the dove -
on the other. _/. —.~,4f 11 9 | A The elevated seat used by a schoolmaster was
l!IX A / 1 11 \called his throne. (Bruilck, Anal. ii. 417.) [J. Y.]
_- id,] W I X 1 A THY'MELE (vEq.q). [THEATRUM, p. 1122. ]:]f~~~~/':~'- " THYRSUS (a upoos), a pole carried by Dionysus, and by Satyrs, Macnades, and others who
engaged in Bacchic festivities and rites. (Athen.
iJ4W.Wz t ~; l} nfl47 l vxiv. p. 631, a.; Vell. Pat. ii. 832.) [DIONYSIA,
f p. 411, a.] It was sometimes terminated by the
t:P;! 1 SiV t h 4 apple of the pine, or fir-cone (,~cvonppos, Brunck,'AA4nal. i. 421), that tree (TrievKm) being dedicated
to Dionysus in consequence of the use of the turpentine which flowed from it, and also of its cones,
All the greater gods were sometimes represented in making wine. (Walpole, lIemn. on Ear. and A s.
as enthroned. This was in imitation of the prac- Tar/ey, p. 235.) The monuments of ancient art,
tice adopted by mortals, and more particularly in holwever, most commonly exhibit instead of the
Asia, as in the case of Xerxes (Philostr. Imnc~/. ii. pine-apple a bunch of vine or ivy-leaves (Ovid.
31), and of the Parthians. (Claud. in IV. Cons. MAet. xi. 27, 28; Propert. iii. 3. 35) with grapes or
11ionor. 214.) When the sitting statue of the god berries, arranged into the form of a cone. The
was colossal, the throne was of course great in pro- following woodcut, taken from a marble ornament
portion, and consequently presented a very eligible (Alon. M3atth. ii. tab. 86), shows the head of a
field for the display of sculpture and painting. As thyrsus composed of the leaves and berries of the
early as the sixth century before Christ Bathycles ivy, and surrounded by acanthus leaves. Very
of Magnesia thus decorated the throne of the frequently also a white fillet was tied to the pole
Amyclaean Apollo. (Diet. of Biog. art. Bathycles.) just below the head, in the manner represented in
The throne of the Olympian Zeus, the work of the woodcut on p. 136, b., where each of the figures
Pheidias, was constructed and ornamented in a holds a thyrsus in her hand. See also the woodsimilar manner. (Diet. of Biog. art. Pheidias, cut to FUNA.MvBUL s and VANNUS. (Statius, Tieb.
vol. iii. p. 252.) As a chair for common use was vii. 654.) [INSTITA.] The fabulous history of
sometimes made to hold two persons (Hom. II. iii. Bacchus relates that he converted the thyrsi car424, Od. xvii. 330) and a throne shared by two ried by himself and his followers into dangerous
potentates (8l(ppov, Doris, ap. Athen. i. p. 17, f.), so weapons, by concealing an iron point in the head
two divinities were sometimes supposed to occupy of leaves. (Diod. iii. 64, iv. 4; Macrob. Sat. i.
the same throne. (Paus. viii. 37. ~ 2.) Besides those 19.) Hence his thyrsus is called "a'; spear enbelonging to the statues of the gods, the thrones of veloped in vine-leaves " (Ovid. Ifet. iii. 66 7), and