Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TEMPLUM. TEMPLUM. 1109
VIT. PSEUDOPERIPTERAL, HEXASTYLu, of the Vitruvius is very difficult, and has been differently
Ionic Order. explained. (Comp. Stieglitz and Hirt.) The following engraving is so constructed as to contain a
representation of the three chief forms, real or sup-_ ~ - posed, of the Tuscan temple.
Lj_ i
Li14
The above plan is divided by the lines a,, into
three portions, by completing each of which, we have
three different plans. Thus, if the middle portion
be retained as it is, and the part to the right of b
be made like that to the left of a, we have one of
the supposed forms. Again, if the middle portion
be retained, and the two sides completed on the same
plan, namely, like the portion to the left of a, but
m ~J vJ without the projecting side wall, and with a round
N A V N a D column in place of the square pillar which terminates it, we have what others suppose to have been
the true original form of the Tuscan temple. In
either case, the characteristic feature is the union
of three ccllae in one temple, dedicated to three
These were the chief- normal forms of quadran- associated deities, the middle cella, which (as
gular temples. The variations made upon them, shown in the figure) was larger than the other two,
especially by the union of two or more temples in being assigned to the chief of the three divinities;
one building, were very numerous. (See Hirt, as in the great temple on the Capitol, the middle
Stieglitz, and the other authorities.) One form cella of which was dedicated to Jupiter, the cella on
deserves particular notice, inasmuch as it was the right side of the middle one to Minerva, and
certainly very ancient, and some writers have the remaining cella to Juno. Lastly, a later variasupposed that it contained the germs of all the tion of the Tuscan temple, in which its chief pecuother forms; this was what Vitruvius called the liarity was lost, was made by retaining only the
Tuscan Te2mple. (Vitruv. iv. 7.) The passage of middle cella, and carrying a peristyle of columns
4B3