Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TELA, TELA. 1 09.
iMluseum and brought thither from Athens. The the productions of their skill (Cato, de Re Rust.
lions'-hlieads upon the third and fourth are per-'135), yet every considerable domestic establishforated. [ANTEFIXA.] The frontons, which ment, especially in the country, contained a loom
were ranged along the cornice at the termination (Cato, de Re Rust. 10, 14) together with the whole
of the rows of joint-tiles, were either painted or apparatus necessary for the working of wool (lanisculptured so as to represent leaves, aplustria fci, umraAeie, rra a, haovp-yia). (Hesiod, Op. et
[APLUSTRE], or masks. The first woodcut shows Dies, 779; Virg. Geooy. i. 285,294.) [CALATHUS.]
three examples of such frontons, which belong These occupations were all supposed to be carried
to the Elgin collection in the British Museum. on under the protection of Minerva, specially denoThey are drawn on a much larger scale than the minated'Ep-yda'v, who was always regarded in this
other objects in the same woodcut. The invention character as the friend and patroness of industry,
of these graceful ornaments is ascribed to Dibutades sobriety, and female decorum. (Serv. in Virg. Eel.
of Corinth. (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 12. s. 43.) vi. 3.)
Other highly curious details upon the tiled roofs When the farm or the palace was sufficiently
of Greek temples may be seen in thei Unedited large to admit of it, a portion of it called the io-Wv'Antiquities of Attica, Lon. 1817. (histones, Varro, de Re Rust. i. 2) or textrinum, was
The same arrangement of tiles which was placed devoted to this purpose. (Cic. Verr. iv. 26.) The
round a temple was also to be found within a house work was there principally carried on by female
which was formed with an opening in the centre. slaves (quasillarzae, a'7 epeoe, Theocrit. xv. 80;
Hence any person who descended from the roof Hom. Od. i. 356-360, vii. 235, xxi. 350) under
into the open court or impluvium of a house, was the superintendence of the mistress of the house,
said to pass " through the tiles " (per tegulas, Ter. who herself also together with her daughters tools
Eun. iii. 5. 40; compare Gellius, x. 15; iLd C-s, Vpart in the labour, both by instructing beginners
If EpaAwY, St. Luke, v. 19). and by finishing the more tasteful and ornamental
Pliny mentions a kind of tiling under the name parts. (Vitruv. vi. 7. p. 164, ed. Schneider; Sympavonaceum (H. N. xxxvi. 22. s. 44), so called pro- machus, Lpist. vi. 40.) But although weaving was
bably because the tiles were semicircular at their employed in providing the ordinary articles of
lower edge, and overlapped one another like the clothing among the Greeks and Romans from the
feathers in the train of a peacock. Ancient se- earliest times, yet as an inventive and decorative'pulchires and urns, made in the form of small temples art, subservient to luxury and refinement, it was
[FUNuS], often represent very exactly the ap- almost entirely Oriental. Persia, Babylonia, Egypt,
pearance of a roof with the above-mentioned va- Phoenicia, Phrygia, and Lydia, are all celebrated
rieties in the form of the tiles. [J. Y.] for the wonderful skill and magnificence displayed
TEICIOPOEUS (reLXosrow's). Among the in the manufacture of scarfs, shawls, carpets and
various persons to whom was entrusted the ma- tapestry. [CHLAMYS, PALLU M, PEPLUM9 TAPES.]
_ragement of public works at Athens (ne7-raTal Among the peculiarities of Egyptian manners
4meoo.Iwcv ip-oyv), were those whose business it was HIerodotus (ii. 35; compare Athen. ii. p. 48, b) mento build and keep in repair the public walls. It is tions that weaving was in that country the employneedless to observe how important to the city of ment of the male sex. This custom still continues
Athens were her walls and fortifications, more among some Arab and negro tribes. (Welsted,
especially the long walls, which connected the Travels, vol. i. p. 123; Prichard, Researches, vol.
upper city with the Peiraeeus, and which gaveit the ii. p. 60, 3d edit.) Throughout Europe, on the
advantages of an island. These were maintained other hand, weaving was in the earliest ages the
at'considerable, expense. The'eiXosrolot appear taskc of women only. The matron, assisted by her
to have been elected by Xeipovosia, one from each daughters, wove clothing for the husband and the
tribe, and probably for a year. They were con- sons. (Colum. de Re Rust. xii. Praef; Plin. H. N.
sidered to hold a magisterial office (apX4), and viii. 48. s. 74; Herod. ix. 109.) This domestic
in that capacity had an iyeuIovla 36Kae7Tpiov. custom gives occasion in the works of the epic and
Aeschines calls them E7rwLTdTaL ToOV LEyieYTOV 7V' tragic poets to some very interesting denomisuens and
EpyePv. Funds were put at their disposal, for which expressions of affection'between near relations. Inthey had their treasurer (aJlsias), dependent on deed the recognition, or'Avay1VCpl0ns, as Aristotle
the treasurer of the revenue. They were liable to calls it (de An4t. Poet. 6. ~ 18, 14. ~ 21), often
render an account (eiOU0hv) of their management of depends on this circumstance. Thus Creusa proves
these funds, and also of their general conduct, like herself to be the mother of Ion (Eurip. Ion, 1416,
other magistrates. The office of TreLX07roLos has been 1417) by describing the pattern of a shawl which
invested with peculiar interest in modern times, on she had made in her youth, and in which she had
account of its having been held by Demosthenes, wrapped her infant son. Iphigenia recognises her
and its having given occasion to the famous prose- brother Orestes on one occasion (Eurip. Ipls. in
cution of Ctesiphon, who proposed that Demosthenes Taur. 814-817), and Electra recognises him on
should receive the honour of a crown before he had another (Aeschyl. Clhoep. 225) by the figured
rendered his account according to lawv. As to the clothing which he wore, and which they had long
nature of the office, and the laws thereto relating, before woven for him.
we may probably rely upon the account given by Besides the shawls which were frequently given
Aeschines. (Aesch. c. Ctlesiph. 55-57, ed. Steph.; to the temples by private persons, or obtained by
B3ickh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, pp. 170, 203, 2d commerce with foreign nations, companies or coled.) [C. R. K.] leges of females were attached to the more opulent
TELA (1oro's), a loom. Although weaving was temples for the purpose of furnishing a regular supamongst the Greeks and Romans a distinct:trade ply. Thus the sixteen women, who lived together
carried on by a separate class of persons (vipdvTat, in a building destined to their use at Olympia,
teatores and textrices, linteones), who more particu- wove a new shawl every five years to be displayed
larly supplied the inhabitants of the towns with at the games which were then celebrated in honour