Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1096 TAMIAS. TAMIAS.
of the feast was appointed among the Romans in a manner consecrated to Pallas; while on the
(Hor. Carmr. i. 4. 18, ii. 7. 25) [SyMPosiuM], and other hand the people reserved to themselves the
hence it was also called Basilicus. (Plaut. Curec. ii. right of making use of the sacred monies, as well
3. 80.) Certain other throws were called by par- as the other property of the temples, if the safety
ticular names, taken from gods, illustrious men and of the state should require it. (Thucyd. ii. 13.)
women, and heroes. Thus the throw, consisting Payments made to the temples were received by
of two aces and two trays, making eight, was de- the treasurers in the presence of some members of
nominated Stesichorus. When the object was the senate, just as public monies were by the
simply to throw the highest numbers, the game Apodectae; and then the treasurers became rewas called 7rhAetoarooArsa. (Pollux, vii. 206, ix. sponsible for their safe custody. As to fines see
95, 110, 117.) Before a person threw the tali, he EPIBOLE, PRACTORES, and on the whole of this
often invoked either a god or his mistress. (Plaut. subject, -Bickh, Publ. Econ. af Atthens, pp. 160
Capt. i. 1. 5, Curc. ii. 3. 77-79.) These bones, -164.
iarked and thrown as above described, were also The treasurer of the revenue,'artslas or Znriused in divination. (Sueton. Tiber. 14.) [J. Y.] /IeXarm's "rks tcoLsie 7rpoo'tovU, was a more importTA'MIAS (racluas), was a- name given to any ant personage than those last mentioned. He was
person who had the care, managing, or dispensing not a mere keeper of monies, like them, nor a mere
of money, stock, or property of any description, receiver, like the Apodectae; but a general payconfided to him; as a steward, butler, housekeeper, master, who received through the Apodectae all
storehousekeeper, or treasurer. And the word is money which was to be disbursed for the purposes
applied metaphorically in a variety of ways. But of the administration (except the property-taxes
the T'ralua, who will fall-under our notice in this which were paid into the war-office, and the triarticle, are certain officers entrusted with import- bnte from the allies, which was at first paid to the
ant duties by the Athenian government; and more Hellenotamiae, and afterwards to other persons
especially the treasurers of the temples and the hereafter mentioned), and then distributed- it in
revenue. such manner as he was required to do by the law;
In ancient times every temple of any importance the surplus (if any) he paid into the war-office or
had property belonging to it, besides its furniture the Theoric fund. As this-person knew all the chanand ornaments; and a treasury where such pro- nels in which the public money had' to flow, and
perty was kept. Lands were attached -to the exercised a general superintendence over the extemple, from which rents accrued; fines were made penditure, he was competent to give advice to the
payable to the god; trophies and other valuables people upon financial measures, with a view to imwere dedicated to him by the public; and various prove the revenue, introduce economy, and prevent
sacred offerings were made by individuals. There abuses; he is sometimes called ra/tas rls To-1011C7was a T'raLias iepcv Xp?7,uarwv, who, together with seews, or Od er1 rs ts orioc71eWcS, and may. be reimcrmodra and epLo7rosloi, had the custody and garded as a sort of minister of finance. To him
management of these funds. The wealthiestof all Aristophanes refers in Equit. 947. He was
the temples at Athens was that of Athena in the elected by XELpo07-ola, and held his office for four
Acropolis, in which were kept the spoils taken years, but was capable of being re-elected. A law,
from the Persians (r& CpsTeva r'rs 7dhrows),'be- however, was passed during the administration of
sides magnificent statues, painting, and other Lycurgus, prohibiting re.election; so that Lycurworks of art. (Demosth. c. Tismocr. 741.) To the gus, who is reported to have contilnued in office
Goddess large fines were specially appropriated by for twelve years, -must have held it for the last
the law or given by decree of the courts or the eight years under fictitious names. Trhe power of
assembly; and besides this she received a tenth of this officer was by no means free from control;
all the fines that' went to the state, a tenth of all inasmuch as any individual was at liberty to proconfiscations andprizes taken in war.'Her trda- pose financial measures, or institute criminal prosurers were called eracdaLr rs', Aeo o, or Treo 7-es ceedings for malversation or waste of the public
&eou, or Trapiar salepwv Xpdrmsdoov Ti'S Seov, and funds; and there was an dav'mypafbPus g'rTr oicrIsometimes simply Trauiar. (Demosth. e. Androt. o'EWos appointed to check the accounts of his supe615.) They appear to -have existed firom an early rior. Anciently there were persons called Iloprorat
period. Herodotus (viii. 51,'53) relates that the who appear tohave assisted the Trapiato in some part'ratai troD Lepoe with a few other men awaited the of their duties. (Bickh, id. 166) [PORISTAE.]
attack of Xerxes upon the Acropolis, and perished The money disbursed by- the treasurer of the
in its defence. They were ten in lnumber, chosen revenue was sometimes paid directly to the various
annually by lot from the class of Pentacosiome- persons in the employ of the government, somedimni, and afterwards when the distinction of times through subordinate pay offices. Many pubclasses had ceased to exist, from among the wealth- lie functionaries had their own paymasters, who
iest of Athenian citizens. (Harpocr. and Suid. s. v. were dependent on the ra/cu as?7s srpos08ov, reTaesats.) The treasurers of the other gods were ceivilng their fullds from him, and then distributing
chosen in like manner; but they, about the 90th them in their respective J'partments. Such were
Olympiad, where all united into one board, while the TrpLlpowrosto4 veXoo7ro 0i, d8orotw, Traporrotoi,
those of Pallas remained distinct. (Demosth. c. e7e,\ueXC7rai YoFwpeov, who received through their
Timocr. 743.) Their treasury, however, was trans- own'rapim suctl sums as they required from time
ferred to the' same place as that of'Athena, viz. to to time for the prosecution of their works. The paythe Opisthodomus of the Parthenon, where were m'ent of the judicial fees was made by the Colacretae
kept not only all the treasures belonging to the (cowXa1cp;6rat), which, and the providing for the
temples, but also the state treasure (ouia Xpl7raTa, meals in the Prytaneum, were the only duties that
as contra-distinguished from Iepd), under the care:remained to them after the establishment of the
of the treasurers of Pallas. (Aristoph. Plut. 1194.) Apodectae by Cleisthenes. (Aristoph. T"esp. 695,
All the funds of the state were considered as being 724.) The rajuial of the sacred vessels, risr