Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TAGUS. TAGUS. 1093
bulae Censoriae, registers of births, deaths, of the of the country afterwards called Thessaly, and
names of those who assumed the toga virilis, &c. drove out or reduced to the condition of Penestae
(See Abram. ad Cic. Mil. 27..) There were various or bondsmen the ancient Aeolian inhabitants (Tv,
tabularia at Rome, all of which were in temples; rdTsE yEi AIsoAMa vOv 8e ~eT-rTaXiav KcAoouups'Ev,
we find mention made of tabularia in the temples Died. iv. 57). The Thessalians afterwards spread
of the Nymphs (Cic. pro. Mlil. 27),. of Lucina, of over the other parts of the country, and took posJuventus, of Libitina, of Ceres, and more especially session of the most fertile districts, and compelled
in that of Saturn, which was also the public trea- the Peraebi, Magnetes, Achaean Phthiotae, and
sury. (Servius, ad Virg. Georg. ii. 502; Capitol. other neighbouring people to submit to their autho1l. lAnton. -Phil. 9.) [AERARnIUMM.] rity and to pay them tribute. (Thucyd. ii. 101,
A tabularium was also called by other names, as iv. 78, viii. 3.; Aristot. Pol. ii. 6.) The populaGrammatophylacium,un Archium, or Archivzntm. (D.ig. tion of Thessaly therefore consisted, like that of
48. tit 19. s. 9.) In a private house the name of Laconica, of three distinct classes. I. The Penes-'Tblinzzmz was given to the place where the family tae, whose condition was nearly the same as that
records and archives were kept. [DoMvs, p. of the Helots. [PENESTAE.] 2. The subject
428, a.] people, who inhabited the districts which were not
TAEDA or TEDA (afrs, Att. a.a, dimz. 8aSfov), occupied by the Thessalian invaders. They paid
a light of fir-wood, called on this account pinea tribute, as stated above, but were personally free,
taeda. (Catull. lix. 15; Ovid. Fast. ii. 558.) Be- though they had no share in the government.
fore the adoption of the more artificial modes of They corresponded to the Perioeci of Laconica, by
obtaining light, described under CANDELA, FAX, which name they are called by Xenophon. (Hell.
FUNAIE, and LUCERNA, the inhabitants of Greece vi. 1. ~ 19.) [PERIOECI.] 3. The Thessalian
and Asia Minor practised the following method, conquerors, who alone had any share in the public
which still prevails in those countries, and to a administration, and whose lands were cultivated
certain extent in Scotland and Ireland, as. well as by the Penestae.
in other parts of Europe, which abound in forests For some time after the conquest Thessaly seems
of pines. (Fellows, Exc. in Asia 1Minor, pp. 140, to have been governed by kings of the race of Her333-335.) A tree having been selected of the cules, who may however have been only the heads
species Pinus Maritima, Line., which. was called of the great aristocratical. families, invested with
ursduls by the ancient Greeks from the time of the supreme power for a certain time. Under one
Homer (II. xi. 494, xxiii. 328), and which retains of these princes, named Aleuas, the country was
this name, with a slight change in its termination, divided into four districts, Phthiotis, Histiaeotis,
to the present day, a-large incision was made near Thessaliotis, and Pelasgiotis. (Aristot. ap. Heapoits root, causing the turpentine to flow so as to ac- crst. s. v. TErpapXLa: Strab. ix. p. 430.) This
cumulate in its vicinity. This highly resinous division continued till the latest times of Thessalian
wood was called Ys, i. e. torch-wood; a tree so history, and we may therefore conclude that it was
treated was called eva3ros, the process itself e&'a- not merely a nominal one. Each district may per8oUv or 8,aoUvp'yev, and the workmen employed in haps have regulated its affairs by some kind of prothe manufacture, 8Aoupyoi. After the lapse of vincial council, but respecting the internal governtwelve months the portion thus impregnated was ment of each we are almost entirely in the dark.
cut out and divided into suitable lengths. This (Thirlwall, Hist. of Greece, vol. i. p. 437.)
was repeated for three successive years, and then, When occasion required, a chief magistrate was
as the tree began to decay, the heart of the trunk elected under the name of Tagus (rayds), whose
was extracted, and the roots were dug up for the commands were obeyed by all the four districts.
same purpose. (Theophrast. H. P. i. 6. ~ i, iii. He is sometimes called king (0aNAsihs, Herod. v.
9. ~ 3, 5, iv. 16. ~ 1, x. 2. ~ 2, 3; Athen. xv. 63), and sometimes a&pXs. (Dionys. v. 74.) His
700, f.) These strips of resinous pinewood are command was of a military rather than of a civil
now called,aqla by the Greeks of Mount Ida. nature, and he seems only to have been appointed
(Hunt and Sibtlhorp, inz Walplole's Meme. pp. 120, when there was a war or one was apprehended.
235.) Pollux (i. 128) accordingly in his list of military
When persons went out at night, they took these designations classes together the Boeotarchs of the
lights in their hands (Aristoph. Eccles. 688, 970), Thebans, the King of the Lacedaemonians, the
more particularly in a nuptial procession. (Hom. I1. Polemarch of the Athenians. (in reference to his
xviii. 492; Hes. Scut. 275; Aristoph. Pax, 1317; origiial duties), and the Tagus of the Thessalians.
Ovid. Met. iv. 326; Fast. vi. 223.) Hence taedae We do not know the extent of the power which
felices signified "a happy marriage" (Catull. 61. the Tagus. possessed constitutionally, nor the time
25; compare Prudent. c. Symmna. ii. 165); and for which he held t.he office; probably neither was
these lights, no less than proper torches, are at- precisely fixed, and depended on the circumstances
tributed to Love and Hymen. (Ovid. MAlet. iv. of the times and the character of the individual.
758.) [J. Y.] (Thirlwall, vol. i. p. 438.) He levied soldiers from
TAE'NIA. LVITTA; STRO.PHIU..] the states in each district, and seems to have fixed
TAGUS (Trayos), a leader or general, was more the amount of tribute to be paid by the allies.
especially the name of the militnary leader of the (Xenoph. lell. vi. 1. ~ 19.) When Jason was
Thessalmans. Under this head it is proposed to tagus he had. an army of more than 8000 cavalry
give a short account of the Thessalian constita- and not less than 20,000 hoplites (Xenoph.:l. c.),
tion. and Jason himself says that when Thessaly is
The Thessalians were a Thesprotian tribe (Herod. under a tagus, there is an army of 6000 cavalry and
vii. 176; Veil. Pat. i. 3), and originally came 10,000 hoplites. (Id. vi. 1. ~ 8.) The tribute
from the Thesprotian Ephyra. Under the guid- which Jason levied from the subject towns was
ance of leaders, who are said to have been descend- the same as had been previously paid by one of
ants of Hercules, they invaded the western part the Scopadae, whom Buttmann supposes to be the
4A 3