Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1084 SYNDICUS. SYNEGORUS.
Respecting tlhe games and amusements by which in execution on behalf of the state; or when the
the Symposia were enlivened, it is unnecessary to goods of a convict having been confiscated, a claim
say much here, as most of them are described in was made by a mortgagee, or other creditor having
separate articles in this work. Enigmas or riddles a lien thereupon, to have his debt satisfied out of
(aiyt'yfiara or yp7mpoL) were among the most usual the proceeds. Such a claim was called evsErlerKmlta,
and favourite modes of diversion. [AENIGMA.] and to prosecute it E'VErTLc4/1aoO0at. (Harpoc. and
The Cottabos was also another favourite game at Suidas, s. v.) On this subject the reader is referred
Symposia, and was played at in various ways. tq the speeches of Lysias de Publ. Pecun., de Nic.
[COTTABOS.] Theothergames atSymposia, which Fratr. Pecun., de Aristoph. Pecun., and more esperequiremention, are, the atr-paXya catus and Kurca, cially pp. 149, 151, 154, ed. Steph. The first apexplained under TALI and TESSERAE, the 2re'rTsei, pointment of these judicial 0'IYtmICOt took place after
spoken of under LATRUNCULI, and the XaXK1meudS. the expulsion of the thirty tyrants; and olie of their
The latter consisted in turning round a piece of duties appears to have been to receive informations
money placed upright on its edges, and causing from the puXAapXot against those persons who blad
it suddenly to stop while moving by placing a served in the cavalry during the interregnum, and
finger on its top. (Pollux, ix. 118; Eustath. ad who by a special decree of the people were ordered
11. xiv. 291, p. 986.) to restore to the treasury all the pay lhiich they
A drinking-party among the Romans was some- had received for that service. (Lysias, 2pr o MA(lntimes called Convivizim, but the word Conissatio tith. 146, ed. Steph.) See SYNEGORUS; IHarpo.
more nearly corresponds to the Greek avUtnrmeLov. s.. iVs'uoI: Meier, Att. Proc. p. 110o Sch[CoMlssATIO.] The Romans, however, usually mann, de Comit. p. 316. [C. R. K.]
drank during their dinner (coena), which they fre- SYNEDRI (v6emE5poe), a name given to the
quently prolonged during many hours in the later members of any council, or any body of men who
times of the republic and under the empire. Their sat together to consult or deliberate. The congress
customs connected with drinking differed little of Greeksat Salamis is called avvE'8pLov. (Herod.
fromn those of the Greeks, and have been incident- viii. 75, 79.) Frequent reference is made to the
ally noticed above. general assembly of the Greeks, rib irovbw rCov
The preceding account has been mainly com-'EAA?1v'oew evviplov, at Corinth, Thermopvlae, or
posed from Becker's Charikles (vol. i. p. 451, &c.) elsewhere. (Aesch. c. CYesiplh. 62, ed. Steph.;
and Gallus (vol. ii. p. 235, &c.), where the sub- Demosth. nepl TSv' rphs'AXAE'avpov,215.) When
ject is treated at length. the new alliance of the Athenians was formed after
SYNALLAGMA (ovv'dXXayjua). [SYMBno- B. c. 377, upon fairer and more equitable principles
LAEoN.] than the former, the several states who were inSY/NDICUS (oStirLcoT), an advocate, is fre- eluded therein were expressly declared to be indcquently used as synonymous with the word ovvmh- pendent, and a congress was held at Athens. to
yopos, to denote any one who pleads the cause of which each of the allied states sent representatives.
another, whether in a court of justice or elsewhere. The congress was called vv'splsovm, and the depuuv'aVicev also is used indifferently with euvryopeY, ties e5vyeSpoL, and the sunms furnished by the allies
or o'va/ywviEOOgal. (Andoc. de Myst. 19, ed. iavnm-dets, in order to avoid the old and hateful
Steph.; Demosth. c. Aristocr. 689, c. Zenoth. 885, name of pdopos or tribute. (Harpocrat. s. v.; Plut.Sol.
c. Steph. 1127.) Thus, the five public advocates, 15.) Many allusions to this new league are made
who were appointed to defend the ancient laws by the orators, especially Isocrates, who strongly
before the Court of Heliasts, when an amendment urges his countrymen to adhere to the principle on
or a new law in abrogation thereof was proposed, which the league was formed, and renounce all
are called both ivLercom and uvvm-yopot. As to attempt to re-establish their old supremacy. (De
them, see NO.MOTHETES and also Schimann, de Pace, 165, ed. Steph.) Perhaps the Ov'sYepo, menCo1mit. p. 255, Ant. Jur. Publ. Gr. p. 228. The tioned in the oath of the AlcarTalf are the Athenian
name of aSuv'icoL seems to have been peculiarly members of this congress. (Schumann, Att. Plroc.
applied to those orators who were sent by the state 130.) For further information on the subject of
to plead the cause of their countrymen before a this confederacy, see Schumann, Ant. Ju2. Publ. G-r.
foreign tribunal. Aeschines, for example, was ap- p. 434; Biickh, Publ. Econ. of Atlens, p. 418, 2d
pointed to plead before the Amphictyonic council ed.; Thirlwall, Hist. of Greece, vol. v. pp. 42, 203.
on the subject of the Delian temple; but a certain The name of vvEaplotvo was given at Athens to
discovery having been made not very creditable to any magisterial or official body, as to the court of
his patriotism, the court of Areiopagus took upon Areiopagus (Aesch. c. Timzarck. 13; Dinarch. c.
themselves to remove him, and appoint Hyperides Denzosth. 91, ed. Steph.); or to the place where
in his stead. (Demosth. de Cor-on. 271, 272.) they transacted business, their board or councilThese extraordinary advocates are not to be con- room. (Isocrat. IIepl'AMy5tdecoos, 318, ed. Steph.;
founded with the Pylagorae, or ordinary Am- Demosth. c. Tl/eocr. 1324.) [C. R. K.]
phictyonic deputies. (Schumann, de Comeit. p. 321, SYNEGO'RICON (ovv'opryopKd). [SYNE-..Ant. Ju?. Publ. Gr. p. 257.) There were other GORUS.]
rUvt&Ko0, who acted rather as magistrates or judges SYNE'GORUS (rvvw/yopos), may be transthan as advocates, though they probably derived lated an advocate or counsel, though such translatheir name from the circumstance of their being tion will convey to the English reader a more
appointed to protect the interests of the state. comprehensive meaning than the Greek word
These were extraordinary functionaries, created strictly bears.
from time to time, to exercise a jurisdiction in dis- According to the ancient practice of the Athenian
putes concerning confiscated property; as when, law, parties to an action were obliged to conduct
for instance, an information was laid against a man their own causes without assistance: but on the
for having in his possession the goods of a con- increase of litigation the sciences of law and rhetodemned criminal, or which were liable to be seized ric began to unfold themselves; and men, who had