A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

792 SERTORIUS. SERVILIA.
measure which would appear to be in some degree for the hands of assassins, and not their skill or
justified by Roman notions, if it followed the courage, concluded the contest. The loss of all
treaty with Mithridates. Plutarch (Sertor. 22) complete and authentic materials for the war of
mentions this fact before he mentions the treaty; Sertorius is ill supplied by the life in Plutarch.
but his chronology cannot be trusted. Drumann (Pompeii) has collected and arranged the
Jealousy among the party of Sertorius was the scattered fragments of the history, and he has done
immediate cause of his ruin. Many Roman nobles it with care and ability. A certain amount of conwho served under him, envied the man who was jecture or inference is, however, necessary to fill
their superior, and Perperna, for his own ambitious up even the scantiest outline of the war. Plutarch's
purposes, increased the disaffection. Pompeius, Life of Sertorius, translated by G. Long, contains
who was in the north of Spain, was now besieging a few notes. Corneille has made Sertorius the
Palencia (Palantia) in Leon, but he retreated on subject of a tragedy; and a modern writer, of a
the approach of Sertorius, and joined Metellus. novel or romance, "The Fawn of Sertorius," LonThe two generals advanced against Calahorra on don, 1846. [G. L.]
the Ebro, but here they were attacked by Sertorius, Q. SERVAEUS,was appointed to the government
and sustained great loss. Metellus spent the winter of Commagene in the reign of Tiberius, A. D. 18,
in Nearer Spain, and Pompeius was compelled, by having been previously praetor. He was a friend
want of supplies, to spend the winter in Gallia, in of Germanicus, and after the death of the latter
the province of M. Fonteius (Cic. pro Font. 3). was one of the accusers of Cn. Piso, ill A. D. 20
Sertorius was actively employed in visiting the [Piso, No. 23.] He was involved in the fall of
south-east coast of Spain and inspecting his fleet, Sejanus, was accused and condemned, but saved
which was employed in intercepting any supplies himself by turning informer, A.D. 32. (Tac. Ann.
to the enemy. ii. 56, iii. 13, vi. 7.)
The events of the campaigns B. C. 73 and 72 SERVIA'NUS, JU'LIUS, whose full name,
are merely hinted at by the ancient authorities. as we learn from an inscription, was C. JULIJS
Sertorius lost many towns; but there was no de- SERVILIUS URSUS SERVIANUS, was the brothercisive battle. He began to abate his activity, to in-law of Hadrian, having married his sister Doindulge in wine and women, and to become cruel and mitia Paulina. This marriage took place before
suspicious. (Appian, i. 113). There was, indeed, the accession of Trajan to the empire; and Sergood reason for his suspicions; but as to the rest, vianus was so jealous of the favour of his brotherAppian's testimony is doubtful. He had taken in-law with Trajan, that he attempted to stop him
Spaniards for his guard, because he distrusted his when he was hastening to Trajan in Germany to
own countrymen. The Spaniards ofhigherrankwere announce the death of Nerva in A.D. 96. Serdissatisfied with not having the same distinctions as vianus afterwards became reconciled to Hadrian,
the Romans; and many were made indifferent to and appears to have lived on good terms with him
the cause of Sertorius by the success of Pompeius during the reign of Trajan. By this emperor he
and Metellus. Many of the Romans " secretly was twice raised to the consulship, as we see from
damaged all his measures, and they oppressed the inscriptions, once in A.D. 107, and again in 111.
barbarians by severe treatment and exactions, on It was also during the reign of Trajan that he
the pretext that it was by the order of Sertorius. married his daughter to Fuscus Salinator, on which
This caused revolts and disturbances in the cities; occasion Pliny wrote him a letter of congratulation.
and those who were sent to settle and pacify these (Plin. Ep. vi. 26.) Hadrian, on his accession in
outbreaks, returned after causing more wars and A. D. 117, appeared to have quite forgotten and
increasing the existing insubordination; so that forgiven the former enmity of Servianus, for lie
Sertorius, contrary to his former moderation and treated him with distinguished honour, raised him
mildness, did a grievous wrong to the sons of the to the consulship for the third time in A.D. 134,
Iberians (Spaniards) who were educating at Osca, and gave him hopes of succeeding to the empire.
by putting some to death and selling others Butt when he resolved to appoint L. Commodus Verus
as slaves" (Plut. Sertot-. 25). But the conspi- his successor, and made him Caesar in A. D. 136, he
rators against the life of Sertorius were all Ro- put Servianus and his grandson Fuscus to death,
mans, and only ten in number. They sent to fearing that they might aspire to the throne.
Sertorius a forged letter, which announced a victory Serviantis was then in his ninetieth year. (Spart.
gained by one of his generals. Sertorius offered a Hadr. 1, 2, 8, 15, 23,25; Plin. Ep. iii. 17, vi. 26;
sacrifice for the happy tidings, and Perperna, after Dion Cass. lix. 2, 17, comp. lxxvi. 7.)
much entreaty, prevailed on him to accept an in- SERVI'LIA. 1. The wife of Q. Lutatius
vitation. to a banquet. The conspirators were Catulus, consul, B.c. 102. Their daughter Lutatia
afraid to do the deed that they had planned: they married the orator Q. Hortensius, whence Cicero
tried to provoke the anger of Sertorius by obscene calls Servilia the socrzus of Hortensius (Cic. Verr.
language, which they knew that he hated, and by ii. 8.)
indecent behaviour under the assumed guise of 2. The mother of M. Junius Brutus, the mrurdrunkenness. Sertorius changed his posture on derer of Caesar. She was the daughter of Livia,
the couch by throwing himself on his back and pre- the sister of the celebrated M. Livius Drusus,
tending not to listen to them. But on Perperna tribune of the plebs, B.c. 91. Her mother Livia
taking a cup of wine, and, in the midst of the was married twice; first to M. Cato, by whom
draught, throwing it away, which was the signal she had M. Cato Uticensis, and next to Q. Serviagreed on, Manius Antonius struck him with his lius Caepio, by whom she became the mother of
sword. Sertorius attempted to rise, but Antonius this Servilia, and of her sister spoken of below.
threw himself upon him, and held his hands while Servilia herself was married twice; first to M.
the rest of the conspirators despatched him. Thus Junius Brutus [BRUJTUS, No. 20], by whom she
enlded the war of Sertorius B. C. 72. The terminti became the mother of the murderer of Caesar, and setion brought no glory to Metellus and Pompeius, condly to D. Junius Silanus, consul B. c. 62. This