A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CLEONYMUS. CLEOPATRA. 799
2. A painter. (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 40.) [L. U.] the Sicilians from the tyranny of Agathocles, he
CLEO'NE (KNAeoj7), one of the daughters of sailed up the Adriatic and made a piratical descent
Asopus, from whom the town of Cleonae in Pelo- on the country of the Veneti; but he was defeated
ponnesus was believed to have derived its name. by the Patavians and obliged to sail away. He
(Paus. ii. 15 ~ 1; Diod. iv. 74.) [L. S.] then seized and garrisoned Corcyra, from which he
CLEONI'CA. [PAUSANIAS.] seems to have been soon expelled by Demetrius
CLEONICUS (K\edvucos), of Naupactus in Poliorcetes. While, however, he still held it, he
Aetolia, was taken prisoner by the Achaean ad- was recalled to Italy by intelligence of the revolt
miral in a descent on the Aetolian coast, in the last of the Tarentines and others whom he had reduced:
year of the social war, B. c. 217; but, as he was a but he was beaten off from the coast, and returned
7rposevos of the Achaeans, he was not sold for a to Corcyra. Henceforth we hear no more of him
slave with the other prisoners, and was ultimately till B. c. 272, when he invited Pyrrhus to attempt
released without ransom. (Polyb. v. 95.) In the the conquest of Sparta. [AcROTATUS; CHELIDOsame year, and before his release, Philip V. being NIS.] (Diod. xx. 104, 105; Liv. x. 2; Strab. vi.
anxious for peace with the Aetolians, employed p. 280; Paus. iii. 6; Plut. Agis, 3, Pyrrh. 26,
him as his agent in sounding them on the subject. &c.) [E. E.]
(v. 102.) He was perhaps the same person who is CLEOPATRA (KXeoardrTpa). 1. A daughter
mentioned in the speech of Lyciscus, the Acar- of Idas and Marpessa, and wife of Meleager (Horn.
nanian envoy (ix. 37), as having been sent by the II. ix. 556), is said to have hanged herself after
Aetolians, with Chlaeneas, to excite Lacedaemon her husband's death, or to have died of grief.
against Philip, B. c. 211. [CHLAENEAS.] [E. E.] Her real name was Alcyone. (Apollod. i. 8. ~ 3;
CLEONIDES. The Greek musical treatise Hygin. Fab. 174.)
attributed to Euclid, is in some MSS. ascribed to 2. A Danaid, who was betrothed to Etelces or
Cleonides. [EUCLEIDES.] His age and history are Agenor. (Apollod. ii. 1. ~ 5; Hygin. Feab. 170.)
wholly unknown. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. There are two other mythical personages of this
p. 79.) [W. F. D.] name in Apollodorus. (iii. 12. ~ 2, 15. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
CLEO'NYMUS (KXew'vvcos). 1. An Athe- CLEOPATRA (KAeoTrdTpa). 1. Niece of
nian, who is frequently attacked by Aristophanes Attalus, one of the generals of Philip of Macedonia.
as a pestilent demagogue, of burly stature, glut- Philip married her when he divorced Olympias in
tonous, perjured, and cowardly. (Aristoph. Ach. 88, B. c. 337; and, after his murder, in the next year
809, Eq. 953, 1290, 1369, Nub. 352, 399, 663, she was put to death by Olympias, being either
&c., Vesp. 19, 592, 822, Pax, 438, 656, 1261, compelled to hang herself (Justin, ix. 7) or boiled
Av. 289, 1475; comp. Ael. V. II. i. 27.) to death in a brazen cauldron. (Paus. viii. 7. ~ 5.)
2. A Spartan, son of Sphodrias, was much be- Her infant son or daughter, according to Justin,
loved by Archidamus, the son of Agesilaus. When perished with her, being apparently looked upon
Sphodrias was brought to trial for his incursion as a rival to Alexander. (Just. 1. c., and ix. 5;
into Attica in B. c. 378, the tears of Cleonymus Diod. xvi. 93, xvii. 2; Plut. Alex. 10.)
prevailed on the prince to intercede with Agesilaus 2. A daughter of Philip and Olympias, and
on his behalf. The king, to gratify his son, used sister of Alexander the Great, married Alexander,
all his influence to save the accused, who was ac- king of Epeirus, her uncle by the mother's side,
cordingly acquitted. Cleonymus was extremely B. c. 336. It was at the celebration of her nupgrateful, and assured Archidamus that he would do tials, which took place on a magnificent scale at
his best to give him no cause to be ashamed of their Aegae in Macedonia, that Philip was murdered.
friendship. He kept his promise well, acting ever (Diod. xvi. 92.) Her husband died in B. c. 326;
up to the Spartan standard of virtue, and fell at and after the death of her brother, she was sought
Leuctra, B. c. 371, bravely fighting in the foremost in marriage by several of his generals, who thought
ranks. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. ~~ 25-33; Plut. Ages. to strengthen their influence with the Macedonians
25, 28.) by a connexion with the sister of Alexander.
3. The younger son of Cleomenes II., king of Leonatus is first mentioned as putting forward a
Sparta, and uncle of Areus I., was excluded from claim to her hand, and he represented to Eumenes
the throne on his father's death, B. c. 309, in con- that he received a promise of marriage from her.
sequence of the general dislike inspired by his (Plut. Eum. 3.) Perdiccas next attempted to gain
violent and tyrannical temper. In B. c. 303, the her in marriage, and after his death in B. c. 321, her
Tarentines, being at war with the Romans and hand was sought by Cassander, Lysimachus, and
Lucanians, asked aid of Sparta, and requested that Antigonus. She refused, however, all these offers;
the command of the required succours might be and, anxious to escape from Sardis, where she had
given to Cleonymus. The request was granted, been kept for years in a sort of honourable capand Cleonymus crossed over to Italy with a con- tivity, she readily acceded to proposals from
siderable force, the mere display of which is said Ptolemy; but, before she could accomplish her deto have frightened the Lucanians into peace. Dio- sign, she was assassinated by order of Antigonus.
dorus, who mentions this, says nothing of the effect (Diod. xviii. 23, xx. 37; Justin. ix. 6, xiii. 6, xiv.
of the Spartan expedition on the Romans, though 1; Arrian, ap. 'Phot. p. 70, ed. Bekker.)
it is pretty certain that they also concluded a treaty 3. A daughter of Antiochus III. the Great, who
at this time with the Tarentines. (See Arnold, married Ptolemy V. Epiphanes (B. c. 193), CoeleHist. of Rume, vol. ii. p. 315.) According to some Syria being given her as her dowry (Appian, Syr.
of the Roman annalists, Cleonymus was defeated c. 5; Liv. xxxvii. 3), though Antiochus afterand driven back to his ships by the consul, M. wards repudiated any such arrangement. (Polyb.
Aemilius; while others of them related that, Ju- xxviii. 17.)
nius Bubulcus the dictator being sent against him, 4. A daughter of the preceding and of Ptolemy V.
he withdrew from Italy to avoid a conflict. After Epiphanes, married her brother Ptolemy VI. Philothia, abandoning a notion he had formed of freeing metor. She had a son by him, whom on his death1