A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CLEMENS.
related between our Lord and St. Peter; and a
story is given from the spurious gospel to the Egyptians. (Ep. ii. ~ 12; comp. Clem. Alex. Strom. iii.
p. 465.) The genuineness of the Homily or 2nd
Epistle is denied by Jerome (Catal. c. 15) and
Photius (Bibl. Cod. 113), and it is not quoted by
any author earlier than Eusebius. Besides these
works two other letters were preserved as Clement's in the Syrian church, and published by
"Wetstein in the appendix to his edition of the
New Testament. They are chiefly occupied by
the praises of celibacy, and it therefore seems a
fair ground of suspicion against them that they
are not quoted before the fourth century, though,
from the ascetic disposition prevalent in the North
African and other Western churches, it seems
unlikely that no one should ever have appealed to
such an authority. Other writings are also falsely
attributed to Clement. Such are the Recognitiones
(a name given to the work from the Latin translation of Ruffinus), which purport to contain a history of Clement himself, who is represented as a
convert of St. Peter, and in the course of it recognizes his father, whom he had lost. Of this there
is a convenient edition by Gersdorf in his LBibliotheca Patrum Ecclesiaslicoruns Latinorum selecla.
(Leipzig and Brussels, 1837.) The collection of
Apostolical Constitutions is also attributed to Clement, though certainly without foundation, as they
are plainly a collection of the ecclesiastical rules of
various times and places. (See Krabbe, Ueber den
Ursprung and Ijn2alt der Apostol. Constitutionen,
1839.) Lastly, we may just mention the Clementines,-homilies of a Judaizing tendency, and
supposed by Neander (Genetischie Eadwickeheng, &c.
p. 367) to be written by a member of the Ebionitish sect.
The true particulars of Clement's life are quite
unknown. Tiliemont (AMlmoires, ii. p. 147) supposes that he was a Jew; but the second epistle is
plainly written by a Gentile. Hence some connect him with Flavius Clemens who was martyred
under Domitian. It is supposed, that Trajan banished Clement to the Chersonese, where he suffered martyrdom. Various dates are given for the
first Epistle. Grabe (Spic. Patr. i. p. 254) has
fixed on A. D. 68, immediately after the martyrdom
of St. Peter and St. Paul; while others prefer A. D.
95, during Domnitian's persecution.
The Epistles were first published at Oxford by
Patric Young, the king's librarian, from the Codex
Alexandrinus, to the end of which they are appended (the second only as a fragment), and which
had been sent by Cyrilbli Lucaris, patriarch of
Constantinople, to Charles I. They were republished by F. Rous, provost of Eton, in 1 650; by
Fell, bishop of Oxford, in 1669; Cotelerius, at
Paris, in 1672; Ittig, at Leipzig, 1699; Wotton,
at Cambridge, 1718; Galland, at Venice, 1765;
Jacobson. at Oxford, in 18;8; and by Hefele,
at Ttibingen, 1839. LiMst of the above editions
conftain the works of other fathers also. Of the
various texts, Ilefele's is the best, and has been
republished in England (1843) in a convenient
form, with an introduction, by Mr. Grenfell, one
of the masters of Rugby. The best English translation is that of Chevallier (Cambridge, 1833),
founded on a previous translation made by Archbishop VWake, 1693. [G. E. L. C.]
CLEMENS, TERE'NTIUS, a Roman jurist,
contempoirary with Julianus, whom hlie once cites

CLEOBULUS. 789
by the expression Julianus noster. (Dig. 28. tit. 6.
s. 6.) From this we infer, not that he was a pupil
of Julianus, but that he belonged to the same legal
school. (Compare Dig. 7. tit. 7. s. 5.) He probably therefore flourished in the time of Hadrian.
It has been suggested from the agreement of date,
that he was the same person as Pactumeius
Clemens, and that his name in full was Ter.
Pactumeius Clemens, but this is not likely. No
jurist is mentioned in the Digest by the name
Clemens simply, but, as if expressly for the sake
of distinction, we have always either Terentius
Clemens or Pactumeins Clemens. Terentius is nowhere cited in any extant fragment of any other
jurist. He wrote a treatise on the famous lex
Julia et Papia Poppaea, with the title " Ad Leges
Libri xx.," and of this work 35 fragments (belonging, according to Blume's hypothesis, to the
classis edictalis), are preserved in the Digest. They
are explained by Hleineccius in his excellent commentary on the lex Julia et Papia Poppaea. [Comp.
CLEMENS PACTUMEIUS.] [J. T. G.]
CLEME'NTIA, a personification of Clemency,
was worshipped as a divinity at Rome, especially
in the time of the emperors. She had then temples and altars, and was represented, as we still
see on coins, holding a patera in her right, and a
lance in her left hand. (Claudian, De Laud. Stil.
ii. 6, &c.; Stat. Thleb. xii. 481, &c.; comp. Hirt,
Mythol. Bilderbuch, ii. p. 113.) [L. S.]
CLEOBIS. [BrroN.]
CLEOBULI'NE (KAseooviAvn), called also
CLEOBULE'NE and CLEOBU'LE (KAeoCov7AriVf, KAeoqov'Av), was daughter to Cleobulus of
Lindus, and is said by Plutarch to have been a
Corinthian by birth. From the same author we
learn that her father called her Eumetis, while
others gave her the name which marks her relation
to Cleobulus. She is spoken of as highly distinguished for her moral as well as her intellectual
qualities. Her skill in riddles, of which she composed a number in hexameter verse, is particularly
recorded, and we find ascribed to her a well-known
one on the subject of the year [CLEOBULUS], as
well as that on the cupping-glass, which is quoted
with praise by Aristotle. A play of Cratinus,
called KAeo@ovA7'iai, and apparently having reference to her, is mentioned by Athenaeus. (Plut.
de Pyth. Orac. 14, Conv. vii. Sap. 3; Diog. La'rt.
i. 89; Menag. ad loc.; Clem. Alex. Strom. iv. 19;
Said. s. v. KAeo@ovuAirv7; Arist. lhet. iii. 2. ~ 12;
Athen. iv. p. 171, b., x. p. 448, c.; Casaub. ad loc.;
Fabric. BiWb. Graec. ii. pp. 117, 121, 654; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Comn. Graec. p. 277.) Cleobuline
was also the name of the mother of Thales. (Diog.
La'rt. i. 22 ) [E. E.]
CLEOBU'LUS (KNEO'GovAos), one of the Seven
Sages, was son of Evagoras and a citizen of Lindus in Rhodes, for Duris seems to stand alone in
stating that he was a Carian. (Diog. Laert. i. 89;
Strab. xiv. p. 655.) He was a contemporary of
Solon's, and must have lived at least as late as
B. c. 560 (the date of the usurpation of Peisistratus), if the letter preserved in Diogenes La'rtius is genuine, which purports to have been written
by Cleobulus to Solon, inviting him to Lindus, as
a place of refuge from the tyrant. In the same
letter Lindus is mentioned as being under democratic government; but Clement of Alexandria
(Strom. iv. 19) calls Cleobulus king of the Lindians, and Plutarch (de El ap. Delpk. 3) speaks of