A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARSACES. ARSACES. 355
spect, and gave him his daughter Rhodogune in has confounded this king with Mithridates III.,
marriage; but the marriage appears not to have i. e. Arsaces XIII.
been solemnized till the accession of his son Phraa- ARSACES X., MNASCIRES? The successor of
tes II. Mithridates died during the captivity of Arsaces IX. is not known. Vaillant conjectures
Demetrius, between B. c. 138 and 130. He is that it was the Mnascires mentioned by Lucian
described as a just and upright prince, who did (lMacrob. 16), who lived to the age of ninety-six;
not give way to pride and luxury. He introduced but this is quite uncertain.
among his people the best laws and usages, which ARSACES XI., SANATROCES, as he is called
he found among the nations he had conquered. on coins. Phlegon calls him Sinatruces; Appian,
(Justin, xli. 6; Oros. v. 4; Strab. xi. pp. 516, Sintricus; and Lucian, Sinatrocles. He had lived
517, 524, &c.: Appian, Syr. 67; Justin, xxxvi. as an exile among the Scythian people called
1, xxxviii. 9; Joseph. Ant. xiii. 9; 1 iMaccab. c. Sacauraces, and was placed by them upon the
14; Diod. E.c. p. 597, ed. Wess.) The reverse throne of Parthia, when he was already eighty
of the annexed coin has the inscription BA-IAEG2Z years of age. He reigned seven years, and died
ME1 AAOT AP-AKOT I'AEAAHNO2. while Lucullus was engaged in the war against
Tigranes, about B. c. 70. (Lucian, Macrob. 15;
Phlegon, ap. Ph'ot. Cod. 97, p. 84, ed. Bekker;
/ %. k e Appian, Mithr. 104.)
ARSACES X11., PHRAATES III., surnamed
_- 'I0- EO/s (Phlegon, 1. c.), the son of the preceding.
A| 11yZ Mithridates of Pontus and Tigranes applied to
Phraates for assistance in their war against the
Q \ \N Q ' / Romans, although Phraates was at enmity with
i __ y Tigranes, because he had deprived the Parthian
^ 0 > P empire of Nisibis and part of Mesopotamia. Among
the fragments of Sallust (Hist. lib. iv.) we have a
ARSACES VII, PHRAATES II., the son of letter purporting to be written by Mithridates to
the preceding, was attacked by Antiochus VII. Phraates on this occasion. Lucullus, as soon as he
(Sidetes), who defeated Phraates in three great bat- heard of this embassy, also sent one to Phraates,
ties, but was at length conquered by him, and lost who dismissed both with fair promises, but accordhis life in battle, B. c. 128. [See p.199,a.] Phraa- ing to Dion Cassius, concluded an alliance with the
tes soon met with the same fate. The Scythians, Romans. He did not however send any assistance
who had been invited by Antiochus to assist him to the Romans, and eventually remained neutral.
against Phraates, did not arrive till after the fall of (Memnon, ap. Phot. Cod. 224, p. 239, ed. Bekker;
the former; but in the battle which followed, the Dion Cass. xxxv. 1, 3, comp. 6; Appian, 1Mithr. 87;
Greeks whom Phraates had taken in the war Plut. Lucull. 30.) When Pompey succeeded Luagainst Antiochus, and whom he now kept in his cullus in the command, B. c. 66, he renewed the
service, deserted from him, and revenge.d the ill- alliance with Phraates, to whose court meantime
treatment they had suffered, by the death of Phraa- the youngest son of Tigranes, also called Tigranes,
tes and the destruction of his army. (Justin, had fled after the murder of his two brothers by
xxxviii. 10, xlii. 1.) The reverse of the annexed their father. Phraates gave the young Tigranes his
coin has the inscription BA:IAE5 MEFAAOT daughter in marriage, and was induced by his sonAP2AKOT OEOIMATOPO: NIKATOPOZ. in-law to invade Armenia. He advanced as far as
Artaxata, and then returned to Parthia, leaving
S- his son-in-law to besiege the city. As soon as he
5TX / UD-iM had left Armenia, Tigranes attacked his son and
Sdefeated him in battle. The young Tigranes then
S-- fled to his grandfather Mithridates, and afterwards
a to Pompey, when he found the former was unable
N V d l to assist him. The young Tigranes conducted
Pompey against his father, who surrendered on his
approach. Pompey then attempted to reconcile
ARSACES VIII., ARTABANUS II., the youngest the father and the son, and promised the latter the
brother of Arsaces VI., and the youngest son sovereignty of Sophanene; but as he shortly after
of Arsaces IV., and consequently the uncle of offended Pompey, he was thrown into chains, and
the preceding, fell in battle against the Thogarii or reserved for his triumph. When Phraates heard
Tochari, apparently after a short reign. (Justin, of this, he sent to the Roman general to demand
xlii. 2.) the young man as his son-in-law, and to propose
ARSACES IX., MITHRIDATEs II., the son of that the Euphrates should be the boundary between
the preceding, prosecuted many wars with success, the Roman and Parthian dominions. But Pompey
and added many nations to the Parthian empire, merely replied, that Tigranes was nearer to his
whence he obtained the surname of Great. He father than his father-in-law, and that he would
defeated the Scythians in several battles, and also determine the boundary in accordance with what
carried on war against Artavasdes, king of Armenia. was just. (Dion Cass. xxxvi. 28, 34-36; Plut.
It was in his reign tha+ the Romans first had any Pomp. 33; Appian, Syr. 104, 105.) Matters now
official communication with Parthia. Mithridates began to assume a threatening aspect between
sent an ambassador, Orobaz-s, to Sulla, who had Phraates and Pompey, who had deeply injured the
come into Asia B. c. 92, in order to restore Ariobar- former by refusing to give him his usual title of
zanes I. to Cappadocia, and requested alliance with "king of kings." But although Phraates marched
the Romans, which seems to have been granted, into Armenia, and sent ambassadors to Pompey to
(Justin, xlii. 2; Plut. Sudla, 5.) Justin (xlii. 4) bring many charges against him, and Tigranes, the
2 A 2