A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ANTIPATER.
nus in Jerusalem [HERODES], and again in B. c. 43
(the year after Caesar's murder), by his regulations
for the collection of the tax imposed on Judaea by
Cassius for the support of his troops. (Ant. xiv. 9.
~ 5, 11. ~ 2, Bell. Jud. i. 10. ~ 9, 11. ~ 2.) To
the last-mentioned year his death is to be referred.
He was carried off by poison which Malichus,
whose life he had twice saved [MALICHus], bribed
the cup-bearer of Hyrcanus to administer to him.
(Ant. xiv. 11.~~ 2-4, Bell. Jud. i. 11. ~~ 2-4.)
For his family, see Joseph. Ant. xiv. 7. ~ 3. [E. E.]
ANTIPATER ('Av-rlirarpos), the eldest son
of HEROD the Great by his first wife, Doris (Jos.
Ant. xiv. 12. ~ 1), a monster of wickedness and
craft, whose life is briefly described by Josephus
(Bell. Jud. i. 24. ~ 1) in two words-icaieas Jivr--
r-npiov. Herod, having divorced Doris and married
Mariamne, B. c. 38, banished Antipater from court
(Bell. Jud. i. 22. ~ 1), but recalled him afterwards,
in the hope of checking, by the presence of a rival,
the violence and resentment of Mariamne's sons,
Alexander and Aristobulus, who were exasperated
by their mother's death. Antipater now intrigued
to bring his half-brothers under the suspicion of
his father, and with such success, that Herod
altered his intentions in their behalf, recalled Doris
to court, and sent Antipater to Rome, recommending him to the favour of Augustus. (Jos. Ant. xvi.
3, Bell. Ju/. i. 23, ~ 2.) He still continued his
machinations against his brothers, and, though
Herod was twice reconciled to them, yet his arts,
aided by Salome and Pheroras, and especially by
the Spartan Eurycles (comp. Plut. Ant. p. 947, b.),
succeeded at length in bringing about their death,
B. c. 6. (Jos. Ant. xvi. 4-11, Bell. Jud. i. 23-27.)
Having thus removed his rivals, and been declared
successor to the throne, he entered into a plot
igainst his father's life with his uncle Pheroras;
ind, to avoid suspicion, contrived to get himself
ient to Rome, taking with him, for the approba":ion of Augustus, Herod's altered will. But the
nvestigation occasioned by the death of Pheroras
whom his wife was suspected of poisoning) brought
o light Antipater's murderous designs, chiefly
lhrough the disclosures of the wife of Pheroras, of
Xnt ipater's own freedman, and of his steward,
Intipater the Samaritan. He was accordingly
ecalled from Rome, and kept in ignorance of the:harges against him till his arrival at Jerusalem.
ere lie was arraigned by Nicolaus of Damascus
fefore Quintilius Varus, the Roman governor of
)yria, and the sentence against him having been
onfirmed by Augustus (who recommended, howver, a mitigation of it in the shape of banishment),
e was executed in prison, five days before the
ermination of Herod's mortal illness, and in the
amne year as the massacre of the innocents. (Jos.
Int. xvii. 1-7, Bell. Jud. i. 28-33; Euseb. Hist.
rccl. i. 8. ~ 12.) The death of Antipater probably
alled forth the well-known sarcasm of Augustus:
Melius est Herodis porcum esse quam filium."
Macrob. Saturn. ii. 4.) [E. E.]
SANTIPATER ('AnTiraTrpos), of HIERAPOLIS,
Greek sophist and rhetorician of the time of the
mperor Severus. He was a son of Zeuxidemus,
nd a pupil of Adrianus, Pollux, and Zeno. In his
rations both extempore and written, some of,hich are mentioned by Philostratus, Antipater
'as not superior to his contemporaries, but in the
rt of writing letters he is said to have excelled all
thers, and for this reason the emperor Severus

ANTIPATER. 203
made him his private secretary. The emperor had
such a high opinion of him, that he raised him to
the consular dignity, and afterwards made him
praefect of Bithynia. But as Antipater used his
sword too freely, he was deprived of his office, and
retired to his native place, where he died at the
age of 68, it is said of voluntary starvation. Philostratus says, that he wrote a history of the life
and exploits of the emperor Severus, but not a
fragment of it is extant. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii.
24, 25. ~ 4, 26. ~ 3; Galen, De Theriac. ad Pison.
ii. p. 458; Eudoc. p. 57.) [L. S.]
ANTIPATER, the name of at least two vPHYSICIANS. 1. The author of a work. Iepi 'i vX^s,
" On the Soul," of which the second book is
quoted by the Scholiast on Homer (II. A. 115. p.
306, ed. Bekker; Cramer, Anecd. Graeca Paris.
vol. iii. p. 14), in which he said that the soul increased, diminished, and at last perished with the
body; and which may very possibly be the work
quoted by Diogenes Laertius (vii. 157), and commonly attributed to Antipater of Tarsus. If he be
the physician who is said by Galen (De Meth. UMed.
i. 7, vol. x. p. 52; Introd. c. 4. vol. xiv. p. 684)
to have belonged to the sect of the Methodici, he
must have lived in or after the first century B. c.;
and this date will agree very well with the fact of
his being quoted by Andromachus (ap. Gal. De
Compos. JMledicam. sec. Locos, iii. 1, ix. 2, vol. xii.
p. 630, vol. xiii. p. 239), Scribonius Largus (De Compos. Med. c. 167, p. 221), and Caelius Aurelianus.
(De Morb. Chiron. ii. 13, p. 404.) His prescriptions
are frequently quoted with approbation by Galen
and Ahtius, and the second book of his " Epistles"
is mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus. (I. c.)
2. A contemporary of Galen at Rome in the
second century after Christ, of whose death and
the morbid symptoms that preceded it, a very interesting account is given by that physician. (De
Locis Afect. iv. 11, vol. viii. p. 293.) [W. A. G.1
ANTI'PATER ('A.riTrarpos), of SIDtN, the
author of several epigrams in the Greek Anthology,
appears, from a passage of Cicero (tie Orat. iii. 50),
to have been contemporary with Q. Catullus (consul B. c. 102), and with Crassus (quaestor in Macedonia B. c. 106). The many minute references
made to him by Meleager, who also wrote his epitaph, would seem to shew that Antipater was an
elder contemporary of this poet, who is known to
have flourished in the 170th Olympiad. From
these circumstances he may be placed at B. c. 108 -100. He lived to a great age. (Plin. vii. 52;
Cic. de Fat. 3; Val. Max. i. 8. ~ 16, ext.; Jacobs,
Anthol. xiii. p. 847.) [P. S.]
ANTI'PATER ('AV Orarpos), of TARSuS, a Stoic
philosopher, was the disciple and successor of Diogenes and the teacher of Panaetius, B.C. 144 nearly.
(Cic. de Divin. i. 3, de Off iii. 12.) Plutarch speaks
of him with Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus, as
one of the principal Stoic philosophers (de Stoic.
Repugnant. p. 144), and Cicero mentions him as
remarkable for acuteness. (De jOf iii. 12.) Of his
personal history nothing is known, nor would the
few extant notices of his philosophical opinions be
a sufficient ground for any great reputation, if it
were not for the testimony of ancient authors to his
merit. He seems to have taken the lead during
his lifetime in the disputes constantly recurring
between his own school and the Academy, although
he is said to have felt himself so unequal in argument to his contemporary Carneades, in public dis