A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

202

ANTIPATER.

tain the removal of the garrison from Munychia,
and was put to death for his treacherous correspondence with Perdiccas. Antipater left the regency to Polysperchon, to the exclusion of his own
son Cassander. (Plut. Pkoc. p. 755, Dem. ad fin.;
Arr. ap. Phot. p. 70, a.; Diod. xviii. 48.) [E. E.]
ANTIPATER ( AurTraTrpo), second son of
CASSANDER, king of Macedonia, by Thessalonica,
sister of Alexander the Great. Soon after the
death of Cassander (B. c. 296), his eldest son Philip also died of consumption (Paus. ix. 7; Plut.
Demetr. 905, f.), and great dissensions ensued between Antipater and his younger brother Alexander for the government. Antipater, believing that
Alexander was favoured by his mother, put her to
death. The younger brother upon this applied for
aid at once to Pyrrhus of Epeirus and Demetrius
Poliorcetes. Pyrrhus arrived first, and, exacting
from Alexander a considerable portion of Macedonia
as his reward, obliged Antipater to fly before him.
According to Plutarch, Lysimachus, king of Thrace,
Antipater's father-in-law, attempted to dissuade
Pyrrhus from further hostilities by a forged letter
purporting to come from Ptolemy Soter. The
forgery was detected, but Pyrrhus seems notwithstanding to have withdrawn after settling matters
between the brothers; soon after which Demetrius
arrived. Justin, who says nothing of Pyrrhus,
tells us, that Lysimachus, fearing the interference
of Demetrius., advised a reconciliation between
Antipater and Alexander. On the murder of
Alexander by Demetrius, the latter appears, according to Plutarch, to have been made king of all
Macedonia, to the exclusion at once of Antipater.
According to Justin, Lysimachus conciliated Demetrius by putting him in possession of Antipater's
portion of the kingdom, and murdered Antipater,
who appears to have fled to him for refuge. The
murder seems, from Diodorus, to have been owing
to the instigation of Demetrius. (Plut. PyIrr. p.
386, Demelr. pp. 905, 906; Just. xvi. 1, 2; Diod.
Sic. xxi. Exc. 7.) [E. E.]
ANTFIPATER, L. COELIUS, a Roman jurist
and historian. Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. ~
40) considers him more an orator than a jurist;
Cicero, on the other hand, prizes him more as a
jurist than as an orator or historian. (De Or. ii.
12; de Legg. 1, 2; Brut. c. 26.) He was a
contemporary of C. Gracchus (B. c. 123); L.
Crassus, the orator, was his pupil. He was the
first who endeavoured to impart to Roman history the ornaments of style, and to make it
more than a mere chronicle of events, but his diction was rather vehement and high-sounding than
elegant and polished. He is not to be confounded
with Coelius Sabinus, the Coelius of the Digest.
None of his juridical writings have been preserved.
He wrote a history of the second Punic war, and
composed Annales, which were epitomized by
Brutus. (Cic. ad Alt. xiii. 8.) The history of the
second Punic war was perhaps only a part of the
Annales. Antipater followed the Greek history of
Silenus Calatinus (Cic. de Div. i.,24, 49), and occasionally borrowed from the Origines of Cato
Censorius. (Gell. x. 24; Macrob. Saturn. i. 4,
extr.) The emperor Hadrian is reported to have
preferred him as an historian to Sallust (Spartianus,
Hadrian. c. 16); by Valerius Maximus (i. 7) he
is designated certus Romanae historiae auctor; and
he is occasionally quoted by Livy, who sometimes,
with respectful consideration, dissents from his

ANTIPATER.
authority. It is manifest, however, from Cicero
and Val. Maximus, that he was fond of relating
dreams and portents. Orelli (Onomast. Cic.) refers
to the dissertations on Antipater by Pavius Ant.
Nauta and G. Groen van Prinsterer, inserted in
the Annals of the Academy of Leyden for 1821.
His fragments, several of which are preserved in
Nonius, are to be found appended to the editions
of Sallust by Wasse, Corte, and Havercamp; and
also in Krause's Vitae et Fragmienta vet. Histor.
Romn. p. 182, &c. [J. T. G.]
ANTI'PATER ('AvTrivarpos), of CYRENE, one
of the disciples of Aristippus, the founder of the
Cyrenaic school of philosophy. (Diog. La'rt. ii.
86.) According to Cicero (Tuscul. v. 38) he was
blind, but knew how to console himself by saying,
that darkness was not without its pleasures. [L. S.]
ANTI'PATER ('AvrifraTpos), tyrant or prince
of DERBE. Amyntas, the Lycaonian chieftain,
murdered him and seized his principality. [AvMYNTAS, No. 6.] He was a friend of Cicero's, one
of whose letters, of uncertain date, is addressed
on his behalf to Q. Philippus, proconsul of the
province of Asia, who was offended with Antipater and held his sons in his power. (Strab. xii.
p. 392; Cic. ad Fasm. xiii. 73.) [E. E.]
ANTI'PATER ('AvriTrarpos), father of HEROD
the Great, was, according to Josephus, the son of
a noble Idumaean of the same name, to whom the
government of Idumnaea had been given by Alexander Jannaeus and his wife Alexandra, and at
their court the young Antipater was brought up.
The two other accounts which we have of his parentage appear to be false. (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 1. ~ 3;
Nicol. Damasc. ap. Joseph. 1. c.; African. ap. Esuseb.
Hist. Eccl. i. 6, 7; Phot. Bibl. n. 76, 238.) In
B. c. 65, he persuaded Hyrcanus to take refuge
from his brother Aristobulus II. with Aretas, king
of Arabia Petraea, by whom accordingly an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace Hyrcanus on
the throne. (Ant. xiv. 2, Bell. Jud. i. 6. ~ 2.) In
B. c. 64, Antipater again supported the cause ol
this prince before Pompey in Coele-Syria. (Ant.
xiv. 3. ~ 2.) In the ensuing year, Jerusalem was
taken by Pompey, and Aristobulus was deposed;
and henceforth we find Antipater both zealously
adhering to Hyrcanus, and labouring to ingratiate
himself with the Romans. His services to the
latter, especially against Alexander son of Aristobulus, and in Egypt against Archelaus (B. c. 57
and 56), were favourably regarded by Scaurus anc
Gabinius, the lieutenants of Pompey; his activ(
zeal under Mithridates of Pergamus in the Alex.
andrian war (B. c. 48) was rewarded by Juliu;
Caesar with the gift of Roman citizenship; and
on Caesar's coming into Syria (B. c. 47), Hyrcanu
was confirmed by him in the high-priesthood
through Antipater's influence, notwithstanding th
complaints of Antigonus son of Aristobulus, whil
Antipater himself was appointed procurator c
Judaea, (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 5. ~~ 1, 2, 6. ~~ 2-4, 8
Bell. Jud. i. 8. ~~ 1, 3, 7, 9. ~~ 3-5.) After Casesa
had left Syria to go against Pharnaces, Antipatc
set himself to provide for the quiet settlement (
the country under the existing government, an
appointed his sons Phasailus and Herod to I
governors respectively of Jerusalem and Galile
(Joseph. Ant. xiv. 9. ~~ 1, 2, Bell. Jud. i. 10. ~ 4
His care for the peace and good order of the pri
vince was further shewn in B. c. 46, when he di
suaded Herod from his purpose of attacking Hyrc