A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ANATOLIUS,
A. D. 346 to A. D. 361, cannot now be determined.
His administration is mentioned by Marcellinus as
an era of unusual improvement, and is also recorded
by Aurelius Victor (Trajan) as a bright but solitary instance of reform, which checked the downward progress occasioned by the avarice and oppression of provincial governors. He is often
spoken of in the letters of Libanius; and several
letters of Libanius are extant addressed directly to
Anatolius, and, for the most part, asking favours or
recommending friends. We would refer especially
to the letters 18, 466, 587, as illustrating the character of Anatolius. When he received from Constantius his appointment to the praefecture of Illyricum, he said to the emperor, " Henceforth, prince,
no dignity shall shelter the guilty from punishment;
henceforth, no one who violates the laws, however
high may be his judicial or military rank, shall be
allowed to depart with impunity." It appears that
he acted up to his virtuous resolution.
He was not only an excellent governor, but extremely clever, of very various abilities, eloquent,
indefatigable, and ambitious. Part of a panegyric
upon Anatolius composed by the sophist Himerius,
has been preserved by Photius, but little if anything illustrative of the real character of Anatolius
is to be collected from the remains of this panegyric. (Wernsdorff, ad H-imerium, xxxii. and 297.)
If we would learn something of the private history
of the man, we must look into the letters of Libanius and the life of Proaeresius by Eunapius. In
the 18th letter of Libanius, which is partly written
in a tone of pique and persiflage, it is difficult to say
how far the censure and the praise are ironical.
Libanius seems to insinuate, that his powerful acquaintance was stunted and ill-favoured in person;
did not scruple to enrich himself by accepting presents voluntarily offered; was partial to the Syrians,
his own countrymen, in the distribution of patronage; and was apt, in his prosperity, to look down
upon old friends.
Among his accomplishments it may be mentioned
that he was fond of poetry, and so much admired
the poetic effusions of Milesius of Smyrna, that he
called him Milesius the Muse. Anatolius himself
received from those who wished to detract from
his reputation the nickname 'Agvrp'wv, a word
which has puzzled the whole tribe of commentators
and lexicographers, including Faber, Ducange, and
Toup. It is probably connected in some way with
the stage, as Eunapius refers for its explanation to
the KcalKoad5ltrwV,r jE AuAv XopJs. He was a
heathen, and clung to his religion at a time when
heathenism was unfashionable, and when the tide
of opinion had begun to set strongly towards Christianity. It is recorded, that, upon his arrival in
Athens, he rather ostentatiously performed sacrifices, and visited the temples of the gods.
An error of importance concerning Anatolius
)ccurs in a work of immense learning and deservedly high authority. Jac. Godefroi states, in the
Prosopographia attached to his edition of the Theoldosian Code, that 16 letters of St. Basil the Great
viz. letters 391-406) are addressed to Anatolius.
Chis error, which we have no doubt originated
"rom the accidental descent of a sentence that beonged to the preceding article on A mphilochius,
Las been overlooked in the revision of Ritter.
The Anatolius who was P. P. of Illyricum is,elieved by some to have been skilled in agriculare and medicine as well as in law. It is possible

ANATOLIUS. 161
that he was identical with the Anatolius who is
often cited in the Geoponica by one or other of the
three names, Anatolius, Vindanius, (or Vindanianus,) Berytius. These names have sometimes
been erroneously supposed to designate three different individuals. (Niclas, Prolegom. ad Geopon. p.
xlviii. n.) The work on Agriculture written by
this Anatolius, Photius (Cod. 163) thought the best
work on the subject, though containing some marvellous and incredible things. Our Anatolius may
also be identical with the author of a treatise concerning Sympathies and An tipalhies (repi t svi.uraae0EtSv
ial 'AvrTiraOeEI), the remains of which may be
found in Fabricius (Bib!. Gr. iv. p. 29); but we are
rather disposed to attribute this work to Anatolius
the philosopher, who was the master of lamblichus
(Brucker, Hist. Phil. vol. ii. p. 260), and to whom
Porphyry addressed Hiomerio Questions. Other
contemporaries of the same name are mentioned
by Libanius, and errors have frequently been committed from the great number of Anatolii who held
office under the Roman emperors. Thus our Anatolius has been confounded with the magister qoiciorum who fell in the battle against the Persians at
Maranga, A. D. 363, in which Julian was slain.
(Am. Marc. xx. 9. ~ 8, xxv. 6. ~ 5.) [J. T. G.]
ANATO'LIUS, professor of law at BeERYTUS.
In the second preface to the Digest (Const. Tanta.
~ 9), he is mentioned by Justinian, with the
titles vir illustris, emagister, among those who were
employed in compiling that great work, and is
complimented as a person descended from an ancient legal stock, since both his father Leontius
and his grandfather Eudoxius " optimam sui memoriams in leqibus reliquerunt." He wrote notes
on the Digest, and a very concise commentary on
Justinian's Code. Both of these works are cited
in the Basilica. Matthaeus Blastares (in Prwaef
Syntag.) states, that the " professor (dVrlKiverwp)
Thalelaeus edited the Code at length; Theodorus Hermopolites briefly; Anatolius still more
briefly; Isidorus more succinctly than Thalelaeus.
but more diffusely than the other two." It is possibly from some misunderstanding or some misquotation of this passage, that Terrasson (Histoire de la
Juerisp. Rom. p. 358) speaks of an Anatolius different
from the contemporary of Justinian, and says that
this younger Anatolius was employed by the emperor
Phocas, conjointly with Theodorus Hermopolites
and Isidorus, to translate Justinian's Code into
Greek. This statement, for which we have been
able to find no authority, seems to be intrinsically
improbable. The Constitutio, Omnem (one of the
prefaces of the Digest), bears date A. D. 533, and
is addressed, among others, to Theodorus, Isidorus,
and Anatolius. Now, it is very unlikely that
three jurists of similar name should be employed
conjointly by the emperor Phocas, who reigned
A. D. 602-610. There was probably some confusion in the mind of Terrasson between the emperor Phocas and a jurist of the same name, who
was contemporary with Justinian, and commented
upon the Code.
Anatolius held several offices of importance. He
was advocatusfisci, and was one of the majores judices nominated by Justinian in Nov. 82. c. 1.
Finally, he filled the office of consul, and was appointed curator divinae domus et rei privatae. In
the exercise of his official functions he became unpopular, by appropriating to himself, under colour
of confiscations to the emperor, the effects of deM