A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

996

DEXIPPUS.

same time to refute the objections of Plotinus.
(Plotin. Ennead. vi. 1, 2, 3; comp. Simplic. ad
Arist. Categ. fol. 1, a.; Tzetzes, Chiliad. ix. Hist.
274.)
SSpecimens of the Greek text are to be found in
Iriarte, Cod. Bibl. Matrit. Catalog. pp. 135, 274,
&c., and from these we learn that there are other
dialogues of Dexippus on similar subjects still extant in manuscript. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. iii. pp.
254, 486, v. pp. 697, 740.) [A. S.]
DEXIPPUS (AýTnrros), called also Dioxippus,
a physician of Cos, who was one of the pupils of
the celebrated Hippocrates, and lived in the fourth
century B. c. (Suid. s. v. AETrTmros.) Hecatomnus,
prince of Caria (B. c. 385-377), sent for him to
cure his sons, Mausolus and Pixodarus, of a dangerous illness, which he undertook to do upon condition that Hecatomnus should cease from waging
war against his country. (Suid. ibid.) He wrote
some medical works, of which nothing but the
titles remain. He was blamed by Erasistratus for
his excessive severity in restricting the quantity of
drink allowed to his patients. (Galen, De Secta
Opt. c. 14, vol. i. p. 144; Comment. I. in Hippocr.
"De Rat. Vict. in Mforb. Acut." c. 24, Comment.
Ie. c. 38, and Comment. IV. c. 5, vol. xv. pp. 478,
703, 744; De Venae Sect. adv. Erasistr. c. 9, vol.
xi. p. 182.) He is quoted by Plutarch (Sympos.
vii. 1) and Aulus Gellius (xvii. 11) in the controversy that was maintained among some of the
ancient physicians as to whether the drink passed
down the windpipe or the gullet. [W. A. G.]
DEXIPPUS, PUBLIUS HERE'NNIUS, a
Greek rhetorician and historian, was a son of
Ptolemaeus and born in the Attic demos of Hermus. (Biickh, Corp. Inscript. i. n. 380, p. 439,
&c.) He lived in the third century after Christ,
in the reigns of Claudius Gothicus, Tacitus, Aurelian, and Probus, till about A. D. 280. (Eunap. Vit.
Porphyr. p. 21.) He was regarded by his contemporaries and later writers as a man of most
extensive learning; and we learn from the inscription
just referred to, that he was honoured at Athens
with the highest offices that existed in his native
city. In A. D. 262, when the Goths penetrated
into Greece and ravaged several towns, Dexippus
proved that he was no less great as a general and
a man of business than as a scholar, for, after the
capture of'Athens, he gathered around him a
number of bold and courageous Athenians, and
took up a strong position on the neighbouring hills.
Though the, city itself was taken by the barbarians,
and Dexippus with his band was cut off from it,
he made an unexpected descent upon Peiraeeus
and took vengeance upon the enemy. (Dexipp.
Exc. de Bell. Scyth. p. 26, &c.; Trebell. Poll.
Gallien. 13.)
We are not informed whether Dexippus wrote
any rhetorical works; he is known to us only as an
historical author. Photius (Bibl. Cod. 82) has
preserved some account of three historical works
of Dexippus. 1. Td m-er& 'AXEqavpov, in four
books. It was a history of Macedonia from the
time of Alexander, and by way of introduction
the author prefixed a sketch of the preceding history, from the time of Caranus to Alexander.
(Comp. Euseb. Chron. 1.) 2. iuVroepov lo'roptcdv,
or as Eunapius (p. 58) calls it, XpoVtK-d ~o-ropia,
was a chronological history from the mythical ages
down to the accession of Claudius Gothicus, A. D.
268. It consisted probably of twelve books, the

DIADUMENIANUS.
twelfth being quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium
(s. v. "EAovpol), and it is frequently referred to by
the writers of the Augustan history. (Lamprid.
Alex. Sev. 49; Capitolin. Maximin. Jun. 6, Tree
Gord. 2, 9, M raxim. et Balbin. 1; Treb. Poll.
Gallien. 15, Trig. Tyr. 32, Claud. 12; comp.
Evagrius, Hist. Eccles. v. 24.) 3. uicvOudc, that
is, an account of the war of the Goths or Scythians,
in which Dexippus himself had fought. It commenced in the reign of Decius, and was brought to
a close by Aurelian. Photius praises the style
and diction of Dexippus, especially in the third
work, and looks upon him as a second Thucydides;
but this praise is highly exaggerated, and the fragments still extant shew, that his style has all the
faults of the late Greek rhetoricians. The fragments of Dexippus, which have been considerably
increased in modern times by the discoveries of A.
Mai (Collect. Script. Vet. ii. p. 319, &c.), have
been collected by I. Bekker and Niebuhr in the
first volume of the Scriptores Historiae Byzantinae,
Bonn, 1829, 8vo. [L. S.]
DEXTER, AFRA'NIUS, was consul suffectus
in A. D. 98, in the reign of Trajan (Plin. Epist.
v. 14) and a friend of Martial. (Epigr. vii. 27.)
He was killed during his consulship. [L. S.]
DEXTER, C. DOMI'TIUS, was consul in A.D.
196, in the reign of Septimius Severus, who appointed him praefect of the city. (Spartian. Sever.
8; Fasti.) [L. S.]
DIA (Aa), a daughter of Deioneus and the
wife of Ixion. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 39.) Her
father is also called Eioneus. (Diod. iv. 69; Schol.
ad Apollon. Rihod. iii. 62.) By Ixion, or according to others, by Zeus (Hygin. Fab. 155), she became the mother of Peirithous, who received his
name from the circumstance, that Zeus when he
attempted to seduce her, ran around her (7reptOEiv) in the form of a horse. (Eustath. ad Hom.
p. 101.) There are two other mythical personages
of this name. (Schol. ad Pind. 01. i. 144; Tzetz.
ad Lycoph. 480.) Dia is also used as a surname
of Hebe or Ganymede, who had temples under
this name at Phlius and Sicyon. (Strab. viii. p.
382; Paus. ii. 13. ~ 3.) [L. S.]
DIADEMA'TUS, a surname of L. Caecilius
Metellus, consul in B. c. 117.
DIADUMENIA'NUS or DIADUMENUS,
M. OPE'LIUS, the son of M. Opelius Macrinus
and Nonia Celsa, was born on the 19th of September, A. D. 208. When his father was elevated to
the purple, after the murder of Caracalla on the
8th of March, A. D. 217, Diadumenianus received
the titles of Caesar, Princeps Juventutis, Antoninus,
and eventually of Imperator and Augustus also.
Upon the victory of Elagabalus, he was sent to the
charge of Artabanus, the Parthian king, but was
betrayed and put to death about the same time
with Macrinus.
This child is celebrated on account of his surpassing beauty by Lampridius, who declares, that

COIN OF DIADUMENIANUS.