Europe and elsewhere, by Mark Twain [pseud.] [with an appreciation by Brander Matthews and an introduction by Albert Bigelow Paine]

EUROPE AND ELSEWHERE
She has seen the world's literature set free, through
the institution of international copyright.
She has seen America invent arbitration, the eventual substitute for that enslaver of nations, the standing army; and she has seen England pay the first
bill under it, and America shirk the second-but
only temporarily; of this we may be sure.
She has seen a Hartford American (Doctor Wells)
apply anesthetics in surgery for the first time in
history, and for all time banish the terrors of the
surgeon's knife; and she has seen the rest of the
world ignore the discoverer and a Boston doctor
steal the credit of his work.
She has seen medical science and scientific sanitation cut down the death rate of civilized cities by
more than half, and she has seen these agencies set
bounds to the European march of the cholera and
imprison the Black Death in its own home.
She has seen woman freed from the oppression of
many burdensome and unjust laws; colleges established for her; privileged to earn degrees in men's
colleges-but not get them; in some regions rights
accorded to her which lifted her near to political
equality with man, and a hundred bread-winning
occupations found for her where hardly one existed
before-among them medicine, the law, and professional nursing. The Queen has herself recognized merit in her sex; of the 5oI lordships which
she has conferred in sixty years, one was upon a
woman.
The Queen has seen the right to organize trade
unions extended to the workman, after that right had
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