What I saw on the west coast of South and North America, and at the Hawaiian Islands.: By H. Willis Baxley, M.D.

CALDERA) COPIAPO AND PABELLON RAILROAD.
from ninety to one hundred and ten pounds sterling per ton;
but much more of regulus and crude ore are shipped. Chanara, which we passed last night, fifty miles to the north of Caldera, is also an important smelting point, producing copper
largely, and greatly increasing the exportation.
A railroad projected by Mr. Wheelwright, and built by Mr.
Evans, both from the United States, extends fifty miles, from
Calclera to Copicto —which has a population of fifteen thousand-and then on to Pabe7lon, sevmnty-thIree miles from Caldera. This road pays a dividend of sixteen per cent. per annum. Another company has continued the road to Chanarcillo,
twenty-eight miles further; but the enterprise has not proved as
profitable. A fine station and car-houses, and a machine shop,
are at the Caldera terminus of the road; and large quantities
of ore, coal, coke, and general merchandise lying at the depot,
showed an actively-operated road. Coal and coke are brought
from England; the latter for locomotive fuel, the former for
smelting. The southern part of Chile has large deposits of coal,
but it is not so valuable for smelting purposes.
About thirty feet above the water-line of the harbor, and a
hundred in shore, the low bluff near the railroad depot is excavated under projecting rocks so extensively, as to induce the
belief that it was once water-washed. It sustains the opinion
of ocean recession at this point.
iNo Chinamen were seen, as in Peru, among the tawny Chilenos, squatting on the wharf under their gaily-striped ponchos,
or listlessly lounging through the streets. Slavery, little understood by the ignorant masses in its extended application to national, social, and domestic condition, and in its relations to
nature's ordinances; and misrepresented by artful demagogues
and fanatics, the more readily to deceive the unthinking and
accomplish selfish purposes, or gratify an insane idea however
hostile to the public peace, is so repugnant to these people-who
do not know what freedom is except as implied by the license
to stir up an occasional row, which they call revolution, and
getting shot or banished for it by arbitrary and irresponsible
authority-that they will not even allow the voluntary servitude
of Coolie apprenticeship, temporary though it be. Is not this
" straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel "?
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