What I saw on the west coast of South and North America, and at the Hawaiian Islands.: By H. Willis Baxley, M.D.

PISCO.-ITALIA.
built of iron by AIr. Wheelright, a United States civil engineer,
at a cost to the Peruvian Government of $450,000.
Before the abolition of negro slavery, many nlegroes were
engaged in cotton and wine growing in this province, who still
remaining here, form a worthless part of the population of Pisco, of no use to themselves and a burden to the rest of the
community, most of whom are cholos. The chief merit of this
act of Peru was that she was not unmindful of the equal claims
of citizens to protection and justice; that she did not imitate
some others of larger professions of moral and physical gralndeur, and play the national philanthropist at the cost of those
who aided in giving her existence and power; that she did not
merge a government protector in a public robber. The debt
incurred by Peru for the emancipation of the negro slaves was
$3,900,000; two hundred dollars being allowed to the owners
for each slave, with interest until paid. The debt is now nearly
extinguished; but it will be long before the country will recover
from evils that have followed the error of confounding the political slavery of the Caucasian race with personal servitude of
an inferior race, between whom it is as impossible to establish a
harmonious relation of equality, social and civil, as it would be
for human capacity to annul the ilat of Supreme Wisdom, and
recreate them with similar physical organization, moral sentiments, and intellectual endowments. Agriculture is languishing for labor; and that labor, once useful under necessary direction and control, is perishing, now that it is cast loose without
the powers to sustain it in competition with a higher order of
intelligence, energy, and enterprise.
The very small quantity of cotton now grown in this province of Ica, is of long staple and silky texture, and is all purchased on French account. The largest export from Pisco is the
product of the vine, the Aquardiente de Pisco, of this district
of Peru —"Pisco" as it is commonly called-the ordinary
brandy of the country. A much superior quality and of more
exquisite flavor, is the Italia de Pisco, usually known, especially
abroad, by the more familiar name 1' Italia;" it is made from a
richer grape, the Mulscatel. Don Domingo Elias, a wealthy
planter and once President of Peru, is also extensively engaged
in manufacturing wine. It is known here as sherry wine, and
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