Beyond the West: containing an account of two years' travel in the other half of our great continent far beyond the old West, on the plains, in the Rocky mountains, and picturesque parks of Colorado. Also, characteristic features of New Mexico, Arizona, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho ... Oregon, Utah, Nevada, and ... California, the end of the West ... the great continental railroad, together with the ... most wonderful natural scenery in the world .../ by George W. Pine.

warm summer morning. When a mine is sunken
a few hundred feet, if it be a good one, a stationary
engine is so placed, and the requisite machinery
made so that the workmen are let down and drawn
up the shaft hundreds of feet with safety and rapidity. A shaft is commonly four by six feet in the
clear, so that a small car can be let down, in which
the ore is placed at the bottom of the mine, and raised to the surface, placed on its track, and run off to
the "dump pile." Should some of the ore be poor,
experienced men sort it, and throw out all that will
not pay milling expenses.
A straight shaft is generally put down on a lead;
and if rich or paying quartz is found, the lead is
drifted upon-that is, side cuts made from the shaft
along on the lead, when the ore so obtained is wheeled to the shaft and hoisted. Where the distance is
long, a car track is put down in the mine, which is
more convenient than to wheel it.
There is a fascination and much information in
studying the quarrying, and the various processes
requisite for the proper reduction of gold and silver
ore. The construction of a great steam mrnill, with its
very heavy, somewhat complicated machinery, working out yellow bars or shining bricks daily, is of much
interest. The quartz is deposited in front of the
stamps, on a solid floor, where it is broken by a small
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362
BEYOND TM WEST.
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