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New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. Howard, J., Giles, D., & Saltmarsh, J. (1999, March). Strategic directions for service-learning research. Presentation at the national conference of the Western Region Campus Compact Consortium, Fullerton, CA. Laumann, E.O. & Knoke, D. (1987). The organizational state: Social choice in national policy domains. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. Lindlaw, S. (1999). Davis plans mandatory public service. The Salinas Californian, April 9, p. 1 McLaughlin, M. (1987). Learning from experience: Lessons from policy implementation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 9, 171-178. Oak Ridge Associated Universities. (1967). Manpower For development: Summer 1966. A report of student internships in resource development, economic development, legal services development, resource development office. Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Odden, A.R. (1991). New patterns of education policy implementation and challenges for the 1990s. In A. Odden (Ed.), Education policy implementation (pp. 297 -327). Albany: SUNY Press. Pittman, K.J. & Cahill, M. (1992). Pushing the boundaries of education: The implications of a youth development approach to education policies, structures and collaborations. Washington D.C.: Chief State School Officers. Pollack, S. (1997). Three decades of service-learning in higher education (1966-1996): The contested emergence of an organizational field. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Porter-Honnet, E. & Poulsen, S.J. (1989). Principles of good practice for combining service and learning, Racine. WI: Johnson Foundation. Pressman, J. L. & Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Scott, W. R., Mendel, P & Pollack, S. (in press). Environments and fields: Studying the evolution of a field of medical care organizations. In W.W. Powell, & D. Jones (Eds.), Bending the bars of the iron cage. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press. Scott, R. W., Ruef, M., Mendel P.J. & Caronna, C.A. (2000). Institutional change and health care organizations: From professional dominance to managed care. Chicago, IL: U of Chicago Press. Waldman, S. (1995). The bill. NewYork, NY: Viking Press. Warren, K. (1998). Educating students for social justice in service-learning. The Journal of Experiential Education, 21 (3), 134-139. Weatherley, R. & Lipsky, M. (1977). Street-level bureaucrats and institutional innovation: Implementing special education reform. Harvard Educational Review, 47(2), 171-197. Author SETH POLLACK is an assistant professor and director of the Service-Learning Institute at California State University Monterey Bay, one of the few public universities to have implemented a service-learning graduation requirement for all undergraduate majors. Seth brings a decade of experience working in participatory rural development to his study of service-learning in higher education. His writing has focused on the history of higher education and public policy. 112
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