(a) Eel [prob. only OF & AL]; (b) an endoparasitic 'worm'. …

(a) The 'art' or 'science' of measuring and calculating, being one of the four disciplines comprised in the quadrivium (along with geometry, astronomy, and music); (b) a treatise on this 'science'. …

Law (a) To distrain or bind (sb.) to appear in court; attachen bodi, distrain (someone's) person; attachen bi borwes; (b) to take into custody, arrest (sb.), take prisoner; (c) to sequester or attach……

A service owed by the tenant to his feudal superior [orig. consisting of work performed by the tenant with his draft animals]. …

(a) A bag or sack, with or without its contents; traveling bag, wallet, satchel, pouch; bagge portatif; undo the bagge; (b) a bag as a unit of measure. …

An enclosure, pen. …

The European bittern Botaurus stellaris. …

Land held by a cottager under the feudal system; ?land held by the lord of the manor to produce food for his table [Bracton]. …

(a) Sheepskin (as distinct from lambskin), budge, ?trimmed sheepskin; bouge skin; (b) bouge rowe, Furriers' Row; bouge shank, fur from the shank of a sheep. …

(a) Real estate held directly from the king or a lord, usually with no feudal obligation other than a fixed annual rent in money; a house or land lying within a borough; burgage lond; (b) the tenure……

(a) A piece of paper or parchment containing writing; a written document, letter, etc.; (b) a brief document attached to a roll or enclosed in a letter, and usually containing a list of names or bill……

Law The practice of aiding a litigant for a share of the matter in dispute, champerty. …

Straw, stubble. …

A toll paid to the forester for entering or passing through a forest. [See Neilson Cust.Rents in OSSLH 2 143.] …

The office of the collector (at Calais). …

(a) A curved or arched piece of timber; (b) a hump. …

The sword of King Edward the Confessor, a blunted sword borne before the King of England at his coronation. …

(a) A customs official, collector of customs; (b) a tradesman liable for the payment of a tax. …

A tub or vat. …

A dagger. …

(a) A unit of apothecary's weight of one eighth of an ounce, a dram; (b) fig. a bit of talent. …

Law (a) To confirm or approve (a charter, bill, agreement, etc.), [orig. by writing on the back of the document];--also fig.; (b) to approve a reply to (a petition), to grant (a petition) under seal……

To grant (land, an estate, an office, rights, revenue, etc.) under the feudal system;--three constructions occur: (a) to enfeoff (a person); (b) to enfeoff (someone in, on, of something); (c) to……

(a) Escape, as from prison, legal custody, or an enemy in battle; (b) the possibility of escape. …

(a) Reversion of land or its appurtenances to the king or the lord of a fee, upon failure of heirs to a tenant in fee simple; also, forfeiture of lands and goods to the king upon attainder; escheat……

To make (property, etc.) revert (to the king or lord); to confiscate. …

The comforts of life, conveniences; accommodation, entertainment; shelter, lodging; food and drink, provender; at your esement, at your convenience. …

Feed for domestic animals, esp. hay, straw, or similar dry fodder. …

(a) A landowner and member of the gentry ranking immediately below the nobility; a freeman, a gentleman; franklein of toun, a free citizen, an owner of property in a town, a burgess; (b) as a personal……

To frown as an expression of disapproval, displeasure, shame, fear, or jealousy; frounen with the nose, sneer; frounen upon or agein, express disapproval of (someone or something), frown upon. …

A decorative hanging for the altar, an altar frontal; frontel cloth; also, a hanging for the font. …

(a) A toll paid for passage through or from a place; (b) payment of a tribute. …

A long knife or dagger. …

To release (swine) in a forest to feed on acorns, etc. …

(a) Despoiling, plundering; (b) spoils, booty, plunder; nimen (taken) pilfre, to take spoils; taken pilfre of, despoil or strip (dead soldiers). …

A plant with hairy leaves, mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella). …

(a) A natural or man-made depression in the ground, hole, pit, ditch; cave; also fig.; also, an open excavation from which some mineral product is obtained or in which some industrial process is……

(a) A large board, a plank; also, as surname; (b) plaunche(s bord, planking, planks; plaunche(s nail, nails for fastening planks. …

(a) A plank, beam; also, planking, beams; (b) a wooden floor, floor made of planks. …

A medicinal ointment. …

(a) A sack, pouch, bag [in some quots. perhaps a measure of quantity, but see quot.: a1500]; pissinge poke, provande poke, sond poke [see pissinge, provende, sond]; (b) a full, elongated type of……

A pledge. …

Harmful, injurious; detrimental to rights, interests, etc. …

(a) To protect or preserve (sb. or sth.) from harm, damage, error, etc.; (b) preserven from, to preserve or protect (sb. or sth.) from (harm, difficulty, error, the Devil, etc.); (c) to save (sb……

(a) The taking of something; an exaction, taxation, requisition; (b) something or somebody captured, booty, prey; (c) something requisitioned for the king; (d) the king's customs; also, something……

(a) Advantageous, profitable, expedient; helpful; physically beneficial; -- often with for- or to- phrase, infinitive phrase, or that- clause; (b) of counsel, advice, words: helpful, sound, good; of……

(a) Flourishing, thriving, prosperous; prosperous lif, good health; (b) auspicious, conducive to good fortune; fortunate, successful; (c) efficacious; (d) pertaining to wealth, imparting comfort or……

(a) Prussia; Prus lond; (b) de Prus, of Prus, made of spruce wood; also, of or from Prussia [quots.: ?c1425, a1500]. …

An exclamation of contempt or disapproval; prut for, a fig for (sb. or sth.). …

Arch. A longitudinal horizontal beam supporting the boards in the roof of a building, a purlin. …

The overseer of a monastery kitchen, a kitchener. …

Pathol. An inflammation or swelling of the throat or part of the throat; tonsillitis, laryngitis, goiter, or other malady of the throat; quinsy. …

(a) A cushion, bolster, or pillow; a cushion for the arm or for sitting or kneeling on; also, a hassock or footstool; (b) quishin(es cloth, a case or cover for a cushion. …

(a) A rail; a horizontal bar; raile tre, a curtain rod; (b) a rail used as or as part of a fence or barrier, or in building; a barrier, an embankment; a railing on a stairway [quot.: 1453-5]; (c) naut……

(a) A grape, cluster of grapes; also in proverb; (b) a raisin; gret raisin; raisin graines, raisin seeds; (c) raisin corauns, raisin of corauns, a Corinthian raisin, currant [see also corauns n.]; (d)……

To draw off (wine) from one vessel to another, leaving the lees; rakken to the lies, draw off (a wine) down to the lees. …

(a) Brushwood, small branches; (b) waste chips (of stone);ramel ston; (c) refuse, rubbish, muck. …

Forceful seizure of somebody or something; plundering, robbery, extortion; ?also, a plundering raid [1st quot.]; hasti rape, quick recapture, quick rescue; don rape to, to plunder (a realm); (b) the……

(a) To scrape (sth.); also, shave (sb., somebody's crown); (b) to make erasures; erase (writing, a passage of writing, etc.); scrape (a page, book) clean; emend (a document) by erasure; rasen awei……

A sweet wine; also, rose-colored wine. …

(a) Of a lion, wolf: standing on the hind legs, ramping; threatening; (b) her. of a lion, griffin: standing in profile on the left hind leg, rampant; (c) ravenous, ravening; fierce; roaring; --……

Retail selling, usually at high prices obtained through forestalling the market. …

(a) Belonging to, or subject to, a religious or monastic rule; canoun reguler, canounes reguleres [see also canoun n.(2) 2.(a)]; habit reguler, the prescribed habit of a religious; wommen reguler……

(a) A rein for guiding a horse; rein of a bridel; (b) pl. = sg.; reines of bridel; (c) part of the harness of a draft horse or an ox; also, part of the harness of a war horse; rein pin, some kind of……

(a) That which is left over or left behind, remains, remnants, residue; -- often pl.; also, a legacy, charitable bequest; also, dregs; relef of brucus, what the bruchus leaves; (b) rabble, ruins; (c)……

Surg. Softening of a bodily part. …

(a) A row (of words, people), a line; (b) a line of fighting men assembled for battle or a joust, a rank; also, fig. a group of saints in heaven; on o (on) renge, in one rank, in a group; upon o renge……

(a) Law A fixed charge or expense deducted annually from the revenues of an estate; over the reprise, aboven all charges and reprise, etc., net; (b) cost, expense; (c) ?act of taking back, capturing……

(a) To rescue or deliver (sb.) from captivity, fire, death, hell, abduction, etc.; keep (sb. from hell, death); also, raise (sb.) from the dead; (b) to aid (sb. in battle or under siege), relieve……

To rescue (sb., a country); deliver (sb. under siege), relieve. …

(a) The condition of dwelling somewhere; dwelling place; also, eccl. of a clergyman: the fact of being in residence where his duties are performed; holden (kepen) residence, to dwell, reside, live……

Resin, a resin; -- often used in medicines; resin gomme, balm. …

(a) Military defense, armed resistance; fighting against an enemy; physical resistance; resistence of, defense against (sb. or sth.); maken resistence; (b) a waylaying of someone; (c) physical force. …

(a) To repay, make restitution; restore (sth.); give back (sth. to sb., to the church), restore (the archbishopric to a town); (b) to return (sb.), bring back; restore (sb. to sb.), give back; (c) to……

(a) Likely to return; of Christ: appointed to return; of chance: rebounding to and fro; also, reciprocal [last quot.]; (b) law of a writ or other document: designated to be returned to a court by a……

(a) The second growth of grass or hay in a season, rowen, aftermath; (b) milk from cows grazed on rowen; chese reuain, cheese made from this milk. …

A stream, brook. …

(a) Repercussion of air, reverberation; (b) the blaze of the sun, the bright glare of snow; (c) furnaise of reverberacioun, a reverberatory furnace. …

(a) To give a reward; reward (sb.); (b) hunt. to reward (a hound or hawk), esp. with a part of the game; (c) to reward (affection, good deeds, etc.); -- also without obj.; (d) to pay (sb.) for goods……

(a) Ribbon, edging material, riban frenge; (b) a ribbon; an ornamental band or border, trimming; an ornament, a necklace; ?a bracelet, an anklet; (c) = filaterie n.(d). …

(a) A curtain; a curtain for a bed; (b) a veil or curtain for an altar; (c) a supporting rod or post for an altar curtain; (d) ridel ring, a curtain ring. …

(a) The edible seed or grain of the grass Oriza sativa, rice; (b) ris flour, flour (of) ris, rice flour; ris mele, mele of ris, rice meal; poudre of ris, powdered rice; (c) cook. a dish made of rice……

(a) The coast of the sea, shore; a beach; (b) in surnames. …

(a) A burr or clinch on a nail; a washer at the head of a rivet; (b) a rivet; rivet drivere, a riveter; (c) a welt on a shoe; (d) in a nonsense passage. …

(a) A personal name, the diminutive or familiar form of Robin or Robert, used contemptuously; (b) the European robin (Erithacus rubecola); (c) a hoisting machine; (d) a siege engine that catapults……

(a) A large rock formation; a cliff, rocky height, crag; a rocky area; also fig.; roche wal; (b) a rock in the sea or a river; a reef, rocky island; also, a cliff by the sea; (c) a cave, tunnel, or……

(a) A fish, the European roach Rutilus rutilus; (b) ?a roach as a heraldic symbol; (c) in place name [see Smith PNElem. 2.86]. …

An overgarment, esp. one worn by women; (b) an ecclesiastical vestment similar to a surplice, a rochet; also, a Hebrew priestly vestment, an ephod; (c) a border, band. …

(a) Rock; a rock, stone, esp. a large rock or rocky outcropping; (b) a large rock or crag along the seacoast or in the sea; (c) a rocky outcropping on a mountain, cliff, precipice; rok side; (d) a……

(a) A scroll; a scroll with its contained text; a roll of prayers [quot.: 1454]; (b) a roll used in the game of rage-man [see rage-man n.3.(b)]; rage-man rolle; (c) rolle of wacche, a scroll on which……

(a) To record (a deed, title, etc.) in an official roll or register; also in fig. context; (b) to list (a person's name) on a roster or muster roll; record (sb.) as (sth.), acknowledge; rollen with……

(a) To move by turning over, roll; rollen doun, roll down (an incline), tumble; (b) to roll about amid the waves, toss; (c) of a horse: to gallop, move at a smooth pace; (d) of a trap door: to swing……

A reed, rush; (b) as surname. …

(a) Made of or consisting of roses; rosen flour, a rose; mel rosen, a mixture of honey and an extract of roses; (b) rose-colored, rosy; (c) as noun: a red pigment, red ink. …

(a) A distillate of turpentine, rosin; also, resin; (b) rosin clene (coiled, pured), god (clene) rosin, high-grade rosin or resin; red rosin, whit (drie) rosin. …

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) or a similar herb. …

(a) A small wheel with radial points forming the extremity of a spur, a rowel; riden on rouel, to ride spurring; (b) a small wheel; a circular frame; also, the representation of a wheel or disk; rouel……

(a) A charger, steed; (b) a riding horse; (c) a pack horse, workhorse; (d) a kind of small horse; (e) in phrase: queue de rounci, nag's tail, a comic title for a dish; (f) as surname. …

(a) An ornamental ball or knop; also, a medicinal pellet [quot.: ?c1450]; (b) a round slice of leek or onion; a round loaf of bread; (c) roundel of the eie, the iris of the eye; (d) a ripple resulting……

(a) A small medicinal pellet or roll; (b) a round slice of something; a circular napkin; (c) a small cask; also, a measure for wine, varying from 15 to 18 1/2 gallons. …